Jamiyat

ROHIB (arabi) gushanishini masehi, shakhsest, ki ba jamoai dini dokhil shuda, dar ibodatkhona muvofiqi qavoidi on hayoti zuddi guzaronidanro qavl dodaast. Nig. niz. Rohibiyat.

ROHIBIYaT (az arabi yak guruhi ijtimoii dinie, ki azoyonash uhdadorand «tarki dunyo» kunand, yane az molu mulk dast kashand, az nikoh khuddori kunand, aloqahoi khe¬shu taboriro qat namoyand va ba intizomi qati rioya kunand. Baroi rohibon vobastagi ba ibodatkhona (az jumla dayri Shammosi) va ijroi qoidazoi on zatmist. Ibodat va …

RUSHO, millate dar SSSR. Shumoraashon dar mamlakat ziyoda az 133 197 hazor nafar (1979). Dar RSFSR 82,6 foiz, dar digar respublikahoi ittifoqi — az 2,3 foiz (RSS Armaniston) to 40,8 foizi (Qazoqiston) aholiro tashkil medihand. Dar RSS Tojikiston 395 hazor nafar (1979). Dar khorija Rusho aso­san dar IMA, Kanada va …

ROSTI, sifati akhloqiero guyand, ki khususiyati haqguii odamonro ifoda mekuyaad. Rosti khosi akhloqi umumiinsonist. Rosti mahsuli tasavvuroti durust nisbat ba hodisahoi jamiyat, raftoru kirdori odamon buda, dar zaminai khislathoi umumiinsoni tashakkul va inkishof meyobad. Homiyoni jamiyati sinfiyu antagonisti baroi muhofizati manfiathoi istismorgaron aksaran az bayoni Rosti dast kashida, hodisayu voqeahoro …

ROMANI, uslubi romani, raviyaest dar sanati asrhoi 10—12-i Evropa. Romani unsurhoi sanoei antiqa, khristiani, Vizantiya va Sharqi Nazdikro dar khud tajassum kardaast. In uslub beshtar dar sanati memori rivoj yofta, az on davraho yodgorihoi sershumori nazarrabo (kalisovu dayrhoi Fransiya, RFG, Italiya, Is¬paniya va gayra) boqi mondaand, ki bo bandubasti ajoib, …

ROKOKO (fransavi rocoso), uslubest dar sanati nafisai nimai yakumi asri 18 Evropa. Pas az inqirozi abso¬lyutizm dar Fransiya paydo shuda, badtar dar Germaniya, Avstriya va digar mamlakatho pahn gardid. Rokoko ruhiyai gedonistii ashrofonro ifoda mekard va bar dur shudan az voqeiyat, murojiat ba olami ruyo asos yoftaast. Rokoko asosan dar …

ROKFELLERHO (Rockefeller), yake az guruhhoi kalontarini moliyaviyu sanoatii IMA. Asosi iqtidori Rokfellerho daromadi neft ast. Soli 1870 Jon D. Rokfelleri kaloni (1839—1937) shirkati «Standard oyl»-ro barpo namud, ki on okhiri asri 19 taqtir, korkard, furush va mahsuloti nefti) IMA-ro monopoliya kard. Solhoi 20 in guruh dar bayni hasht guruhi kalontarini …

ROL (az Fransavi role), naqsh. Per¬sonaji adabi dar drama (kinosena¬riya) va obrazi sahnavi (kinemato- grafi), ki hunarpesha dar sahna (dar film, radiopesa) tajassum mekunad. Rolho mazhakavi, fojiavi, dramavi, fojiaviyu mazhakavi va gayra meshavand. Rol asosi, duyumdaraja va epizodi meshavad.

ROLI OMMAI KhALQ DAR TARIKh, yake az masalahoi asosi dar nazariyai inkishofi jamiyat. Bar khilofi sotsiologiyai tomarksisti va burjuazii imruza, ki ommai khalqro «anbuhi noqobil» donista, shakhsoni buzurgro ejodkori tarikhi khalqro quvvai asosii harakatdihanda va ejodkori tarikh mehisobad. Mafhumi «khalq» mazmuni konkretiyu tarikhi dorad. Dar jamoai ibtidoi hamai aholiro khalq …

ROMANTIZM (az fransavi romantisme), metodi mamuli ejodi badei, ki asosi onro tasviri hasti «na chunon ki dast, balki chunon ki meboyad» (F. Shelling) tashkil medihad. Payravoni Romantizm mutaqidand, ki has¬ti, chunon ki dast, baroi tasviri badei munosib nest, onro ba murodi khesh az nav boyad sokht. Ideali romantiki khilofi voqeiyat …