Ilm

SAKhARIMETRIYa (az rusi sakhar —qand va …metriya), usulest, ki ba vositai on gilzati mahluli moddahoi az jihati optiki faol (asosan qand) muayyan karda meshavad. Sharthoi chenkuniro dar Sakhametriya standarti kunonida, shkalai asbobi chenkunanda (sakharimetr)-ro tavre darajabandi mekunand, ki gilaati mahlul bo % ifoda shavad. Rilzati qandro az rui Shkalai baynalkhalqii …

SAKhTI, muqovimati jismi sakhtro ba fishor yo kharoshidan guyand. Sakhti sobitai fiziki nabuda, balki yaq nav khosiyati jism ast, ki ham ba mustahkamiyu chandiriyati malerial va ham ba usuli andozagiri vobasta ast. Dar mineralogiya Sakhtiro az rui shkalai Moos muayyan mekunand.

SARJUMLA, qismi asosii predikativii jumlai murakkabi tobe ast, ki mazmunu mohiyati onro dar bar megirad. Sarjumla bo qismi digari jumlai murakkabi tobe — jumlai payrav, ki ba Sarjumla tobe buda, aa har jihat onro ezoh medihad, yak vohidi kulli nutq — vositai murakkabi akhborro tashkil mekunad. Masalan: Domoni ufuq dar …

SATHI VINTI, sathest, ki khati £ hangomi dar girdi mehvari nojunboni OO’ bo surati kunjii doimi charkh zada va qad-qadi hamin mehvar ba pesh harakat kardanash, tashkil medihad (rasmi 1). Sathi vintie, ki khati rost mekashad, gelikoid (az yunoni eNkoz — spiral va e1<1oz— shakl) nom dorad. Agar in khati …

SATHI DAVRZANI, sathest, ki dar natijai dar atrofi mehvari beharakat davr zadani yagon khati kaj (tashkilkunanda) hosil meshavad. Nuqtahoi khati kaji tashkilkunanda (t) hangomi davrzani davrahoero hosil mekunand, ki parallelhoi sath nom dorand (rasm). Paralleli kalontarinro ekvator (a) va khurdtarinro gardanai Sath menomand. Burishi sath bo hamvorie, ki az tiri …

SATHI RIMAN yake az mafhumhoi asosii nazariyai funksiyahoi tagyiryobandahoyash kompleksist. In mafhumro soli 1851 B. Riman bo maqsadi ba joi funksiyahoi bisyorqimata omukhtani funksiyahoi tahlilii yakqimatai nuqta dar sathhoi rimanii muvofiq ba matematika dokhil kardaast. Nigared, niz Funksiyahoi tahlili.

SATHI MUVOZIN (az arabi — bo chize hamvazn budan) dar geodeziya, sathest, ki dar hamai nuqtahoyash potensiali quvvai vaznini yak khel buzurgi dorad. Samti normal ba Sathi muvozin ba samti quvvai vaznini, yane khati shoquli, muvofiq meoyad. Sathi moei dar muvozinatbuda misoli Sathi muvozin meboshad. Sathi muvozini maydoni jozibai Zaminro, …

SATHHOI TARTIBI DUYuM, sathhoeand, ki koordinatahoi rostkunjai dekartii nuqtahoyashon az rui muodilai algebravii darajai duyum muayyan karda meshavand. Muodilai (*) obrazi haqiqii geometri nabudanash ham mumkin ast, vale dar chunin mavridho baroi umumiyati mafhum mafhumi sathhoi tartibi duyumi mavhumro istifoda mebarand. Vobasta ba qimathoi koeffisienthoi muodilai umumii (*) onro tavassuti …

SATHHOI KEHIN sathhoi minimali, sathhoeand, ki kajii miyonai har yak nuqtaashon ba sifr barobar ast (nigared, Kaji). Sathhoi kehin hangomi barrasii masalai variatsionii zerin paydo meshavand: dar fazo yagon khati kaji sarbasta doda shudaast; dar bayni hamai sathhoi imkonpaziri az khati kaji mazkur guzaranda sathero boyad intikhob kard, ki qismi …

SAFAVIYa yake az silsilahoi tasavvufro guyand, ki dar davrai harakati payravoni mazhabi shia (asri XIII) dar Eron ba vujud omadaast. Asosguzorash Safiuddin Ishoqi Ardabilist (1252—1334). Sulolai safaviyon ba sari hokimiyati Eron omada, khudro sayid va peshvoi silsila shaykh Safiuddinro nasli 21-umi imomi haftumi ahli shia — Muson Kozim elon kardand. …