SAMOLYOT

SAMOLYOT, apparati parishi muharriku boldori vaznintar az havoet, ki baroi parvoz dar atmosfe¬ra tain shudaast. Mamultarin navi apparat parish buda, baroi hamlu naqli passajiron va bor, korhoi harbi va vazifahoi makhsus istifoda meshavad. Dar borai tarikhi inkishofi Samolyotho nig. Aviatsiya. Az rui vazifa Sasolyotho grajdani va harbi meshavand. Navhoi asosii Samolyoti grajdani chuninand: naqlisti (passajiri, borkashon), sanitari, sporti, talimiyu mashqi, khojagii qishloq va makhsus (razvedkai geologi, tadqiqoti ilmi, aerofotosuratgiri va gayra).

Samolyothoi harbi baroi nestu nobud kardani hadafhoi havoi, ruizamini (bahri) yo baroi ijroi digar vazifahoi jangi istifoda shuda, ba chunin navho judo meshavand: Samolyothoi qirkunanda, qirkunandai bombaandoz, bombaandoz, razvedkavi, naqliyoti, aloqa va sani¬tari. Samolyotho muvofiqi sokht, shakl va adadi in yo on qismhoi asosii khud tasnif karda meshavapd. Samolyothoi muqarrarii zozira az chunin qismhoi asosii konstruktivi iboratand: bol (qanot), fyuzelyaj, dumbol (parhoi dumi), dastgohi quvva, shassi, sistemai idorakuni va baroi Samolyothoi harbi inchunin tajhizotu aslihai gunogun.
Bol — qismi muhimtarini Samolyot bu¬da, hangomi bo surati muayyan harakat kardani Samolyot quvvai bolobardorro ba vujud meorad. Gayr az in dar bol yak qismi bor va asoobu asliha, az jumla, zarfhoi suzishvoriro joygir kardan mumkin ast. Bobasta ba adadi bolho Samolyothoi yakqanota (mono¬plan), duqanota (biplan) va yakunimqanota (yake az bolho nazar ba digarash khurdtar ast) mavjudand. Volhoi biplanro boloiham meso¬zand. Biplanho nazar ba mokoplapho manyovrnoktar boshand ham, muhokimati aerodinamikii kalon doraid, ki surati Samolyot ro kam mekunad. Binobar in aksari Samolyothoi harbi baroi nestu nobud kardani hadafhoi havoi, ruizamini (bahri) yo baron ijroi digar vazifahoi jangi istifoda shuda, ba chunin navho judo meshavand: Samolyothoi qirkunanda, qirkunandai bombaandoz, bombaandoz, razvedkavi, naqliyoti, aloqa va sani¬tari. Samolyotho muvofiqi sokht, shakl va adadi in yo on qismhoi asosii khud tasnif karda meshavapd. Samolyothoi muqarrarii hozira az chunin qismhoi asosii konstruktivi iboratand: bol (kapot), fyuzelyaj, dumbol (parhoi dumi), dastgohi quvva, shassi, sistemai idorakuni va baroi Samolyothoi harbi inchunin tajkhizotu aslihai gunogun.
Ad.: H o j i e v A. D., Asoshoi havopaymoi, D., 1962; Shuljenko M. N.; Konstruksiya samoletov, 3 nad., M., 197-1; Nikitin G. A., Bakanov E. A., Osnovi aviasii, M., 1972.
A. Hojiev.