ROHIBIYaT

ROHIBIYaT (az arabi yak guruhi ijtimoii dinie, ki azoyonash uhdadorand «tarki dunyo» kunand, yane az molu mulk dast kashand, az nikoh khuddori kunand, aloqahoi khe¬shu taboriro qat namoyand va ba intizomi qati rioya kunand. Baroi rohibon vobastagi ba ibodatkhona (az jumla dayri Shammosi) va ijroi qoidazoi on zatmist. Ibodat va mulohiza dar borai khudo mazmuni asosii akhloqi rohibist.

Rohibiyat avvalin marotiba dar miyonai hazorai 1 to melod dar Hinduston dar buddoiya ba vujud omadaast. Badtar dar Khitoy, Yaponiya, Tibet va digar mamlakathoi Osiyoi Janubu Sharqi va Sharqi Dur intishor gardid. Dar asrhoi 3—4 Rohibiyat dar masehiyat avval dar shakli gushanishini ba vujud omada, badai (az asrhoi 4—5) doroi khususiyati guruhi gardid. Minbad dar pravoslaviyai Rus musofirii (qalandarii) rohibon mamul shud. Rohibiyati masehi dar asrhoi miyona ahamiyati makhsus paydo kard. Aksar rozibon tabaqahoi ijtimoie budand, ki vasilai zindagi nadoshtand (khususan dehqonon). Dar mamlakathoi kapitalisti qisme az Rohibiyat odamoni beoila, badbakht, baze unsurhoi az sinf judoshuda va namoyandagoni intelligensiya maydaburjuazie meboshaid, ki az hayot noroziand. Azoi ba Rohibiyat az taroshidani muyi cap ogoz meyobad. Badi in marosim shakhsi sartaroshida ba maqsadi «tarki dunyo» libosi rohibi mepushad va nomi nav ba khud intikhob mekunad. Dar asl tarki dunyo kardani rohibon (alalkhusus bolonishinoni onho) mardumfirebist. Hayoti rohibon az zohidie, ki targib mekunapd, dur ast. Khalq dar zimni muboriza bar ziddi istismori feodali ba muqobili Rohibiyat niz barkhosta, onro ba muftkhuriyu badakhloqi aybdor mekard.
Shaklhoi mukhtalifi tashkilotzoi rohibiro kalisoi katoliki ba vujud ovard. Dar mamlakathoi Evropai Garbi kalisoi katoliki Rohibiyatro hamchun vositai tasirrasonb ba ideologiya, siyosat, ilm, tarbiya va digar sohahoi hayot istifoda mebarad. Rohibiyati katoliki takyagozi asosii davlati Papa meboshad. Rohibiyati muosir dar mamlakathoi Sharq mavqei ba khud khose dorad: dar sharoiti muborizai purshiddati ziddiimperialisti Rohibiyati buddoi va lamaisti, ki dar hayoti jamiyati faolona shirkat dorad, ba quvvahoi progressivii mamlakati khud hamrod meshavad.
Dar dini islom zuhd ba Rohibiyat shabohati ziyod dosht. Zohidon zindagii zohidonaro targib namuda, onro yake az vositahoi ba maqsadhoi dini va akhloqi rasidan medonistand. Gushanishinb, ruzadori, mujarradi va gayra shaklhoi nisbatan malumi zuhd meboshand, ki on yak navi rohibi buda, minbad yake az manoahoi muhimi tashakkuli tasavvuf gardid.