Ilm

SOSIOLINGVISTIKA, yak sohai ilmi zabonshinosist, ki tabiati ijtimoii zabon, vazifahoi jamiyatii on va tasiri ruydodhoi ijtimoiro ba jarayoni inkishofi zabon meomuzad. Zabon khud hodisai jamiyatist. Qonunhoi dokhilii inkishofi zabon ham khususiyati ijtimoi dorand. Vusati doirai istemoli zaboni adabi, rivoji ilm va madaniyat, sokhti navi davlatdori, peshravii munosibathoi istehsoli va guruhi …

SOSIALIZM 1) zinai avvalini (poyonii) formasiyai kommunisti. 2) Sosializmi ilmi nazariyaest, ki zaruriyati tarikhii barqaror shudani Sosializm va rohhoi tadrijan ba kommunizm guzashtani onro asosnok mekunad. Sosializm dar patijai bo rohi revolyusioni barham dodani kapitalizm va barpo namudani diktaturai proletariat ba vujud meoyad. Sosializm sokhti iqtisodiyu ijtimoiest, ki vositahoi istehsolotro …

SOSIALIZMI KhAYOLI, talimotest dar bobi jamiyati idealie, ki molikiyati mushtarak, mehnati hatmi va taqsimoti mahsuli mehnatro az rui adolat poyahoi talimoti khud medonad. Avvalin nazariyahoi Sotsializmi  khayoli dar asrhoi 16—17 dar payvastagii goyavi bo gumanizmi asrhoi 15—16 ba vujud omadand. Vay ozod kardani ommai khalqro qati talab mekard. Avvalii aqidahoi …

SORBENTHO (az lotini sorbens — jabbanda), nigared Sorbsiya.  

SORBSIYa (az lotini sorbeo — furu mebaram), prosessi az muhiti beruna gaz, bur yo moddahoi digarro furu burdani jismhoi sakht yo moero guyand. Jismi furubaranda sorbent (masalan, silikagel, oksidi alyuminiy, angishti faol va gayra) va moddai furuburdashuda sorbat (yo sorbtiv) nomida meshavand. Khelhoi zerini Sorbsiya malumand: adsorbsiya, absorbsiya, khemosorbsiya va …

SORIT (yunoni sorit — guruh, tuda, silsila), yak navi qiyosi murakkabro guyand, ki dar on az silsilai muqaddimaho zimni dar nazar doshtani khulosahoi fosilavi khulosai nihoi barovarda meshavad. Baroi az qiyosi murakkab hosil kardani Sorit tamomi khulosahoi fosilavi hazf va muqaddimai moqabl bo muqaddimai mobad dar silsilai muqaddimaho payvast shuda, …

SOFIZM (az yunoni sophizma — bofta, gayuri), sahvi garaznoki mantiqist, ki hangomi isboti yagon nuqtai durug istifoda meshavad. Bo Sofizm muqaddimahoi durugro qasdan haq hisob karda va yo talaboti qonunhoi mantiqro rioya nakarda, az onho khulosa mebarorand. Masalan, «Chize, ki tu gum nakardai, dori; tu shoh gum nakardai, pas, tu …

SOFISTIKA, sufastoi, (az yunoni sofistine — ustokorona muhokima rondan), 1) aqoidi falsafii sufastoiyoni asrhoi 5—4 to melodi. Yunoni Qadim. (nigared Sofiston). 2) muhokimae, ki dar on qonunhoi mantiq didayu donista vayron karda meshavand. Nigared niz. Sofizm.

SOKhT, struktura, majmui robitahoi sobiti obektro guyand, ki yagonagi va baqoi khususiyathoi asosii onro dar jarayoni tagyiroti gunoguni dokhiliyu khoriji tamin mekunad. Mafhumi Sokhtro az asrhoya miyona in jolib istifoda mebarand. Dar asri 19 bo inkishofi ilmi khimiya nazariyai sokhti moddaho ba vujud omad. Dar ilmi muosir mafhumi Sokht dar …

SON (az lotini sonus — sado), vohidi shkalai balandii sadost, ki bevosita bahoi balandii nisbii subektivii lahni sirfro ifoda mekunad. 1 Son ba darajai balandii 40 lahn barobar ast (hangomi 1000 Gs budani basomadi sado). Dar surati ba har 10 fon afzudani balandii sado shumorai vohidhoi Son taqriban du barobar …