Ilm

ELEKTROLITHO (az elektro… va yun. lymos — tajziyashavanda, halshavanda), moddhoi moe yo sakht va sistemaviro guyand, ki kamu besh ionhoi elektrikguzaronanda dorand. Ba manoi mahdudash moddahoeand, ki mahlulashon (tavassuti ionshoe, ki dar natijai dissosidsiyai elektroliti hosil shudaand) jarayoni elektrikro meguzaronand. E. qavi va zaif meshavand. E.-i qavi dar mahluli serob …

EMPIRIZM (az yun. empeiria — tajriba), yak ravyayai falsafiro guyand, ki bar khilofi rasionalizm tajribai hissiro manbai yagonai donish meshumorad. Hamchun talimot dar a-hoi 17—18 tashakkul yoftaast. E.-i idealisti (S. Berkli, D. Yum, E. Makh, empirizmi mantiqi) tajribaro bo majmui ehsosot mahdud sokhta, asosi tajriba budani olami obektiviro inkor mekunad. …

EKSSENTRISITETi burrishi konusi, adadest, ki ba qismati masofai bayni nuqtai burrishi konusi va fokus bar masofa az in nuqta to direktrissai muvofik barobar meboshad.

, alomati sakta, harfi bistu hashtumi alifboi hozirai tojikist, ki az alifboi rusi (1940) girifta shudaast. Dar alifboi lotiniasosi tojiki (1930—40) bo apostrof, ishora meshud. Shakli navishti chopiash , dastnavisash meboshad. Alomati sakta () dar zaboni tojiki du vazifaro ijro mekunad: 1) Dar kalimahoi arabi ba joi  ovozi khamsadoi halqii …

I, harfi bisu nuhumi alifboi peshinai tojikist, ki az alifboi rusi s. 1945 ba tarkibi alifboi tojiki dokhil karda shuda bud. Ovozi sadonoki bardoshti bolo, qarori miyonaro ifoda mekunad. Shakli navishti chopiash Ii, dastnavisash I  meboshad. Ovoze, ki in harf ifoda mekunad, makhsusi zaboni rusi buda dar kalima joi iqtibosii …

, alomati judoi, harfi alifboi peshinai tojikist, ki az alifboi rusi (1940) girifta shuda bud. Shakli navishti chopiash , dastnavisash 6 meboshad. ovozi mustaqilro ifoda namekunad. Dar zaboni adabii hozirai tojik dar mavridkhoi zerin istifoda meshavad: dar kalimahoi reshagi hamchun alomati judoi pesh az yodbarsarho yo, i, yu, ya (daryo, …

E (e-i chappa), harfi sivu yakumi alifboi hozirai tojikist; az alifboi rusi girifta shuda (1940), ovozi sadonoki kushod yo bastai bardoshti miyona, qatori pesh (yane ovozi sadonokn e-i be i)-ro ifoda mekunad va shakli navishti chopiash Ee, dastnavisash E E meboshad. Dar alifboi arabiasooi tojiki (to 1930) ba vositai harfi …

EYNShTEYN, vohidi energiyai afkanishoti elektro magnitii diapazoni optikiro guyand; dar fotokhimiya istifoda shuda, ba NAhv barobar ast; in 40 NA adadi Avogadro va hv energiyai foton. Ba sharafi Albert Eynshteyn nomida shudaast. Ishoraash E. hangomi furuburdi afkanishoti energiyaash 1 E., muvofiqi qonuni Eynshteyn, boyad tabdili fotokhimiyavii 1 mol ba amal …

EKVATOR (lot. a equator — barobarkunanda), khatti burishi kurai zamin ba hamvorist, ki on az markazi Zamin guzashta, nisbat ba mehvari gardishi Zamin perpendikulyar meboshad. E. kurai zaminro ba du nimkurai barobar — shimoli va janubi taqsim mekunad. Hisobi arzi geografi az E. cap meshavad. Tuli E. ba 40075 696 …

EKZOBIOLOGIYa (az ekzo.,, va biologiya), yak ilmi amaliero guyand, ki masalahoi marbut ba imkoniyati vujud doshtani hayot berun az sayyorai moro meomuzad. Mohiyatan ba astrobiologiya monand ast, vale manbai amali va tajribavii E. beshtar meboshad. Nig. Niz. Biologiyai kayhoni.