Ilm

MAGNEZIT, shpati magneziy (az nomi mahalli Magneziy dar Yunon), mineral az guruhi karbonatho. Tarkibi khimiyaviash MgCOs (MgO- 47,82%, SO- 52,18%). Sistemai kristallbandiash trigonali, namudi kristallhoyash romboziri. Beshtar dar shakli massahoi dona-dona vomekhurad. Rangash safed, khokistarii zardtob. Sakhtiash 3,75–4,25; murt; zichiash 2900—3100 kg/m3. Tudahoi Magmatizm dar jinshoi namakdor (hamrohi gaj) va …

MAGNETIZM (az yun. magnelis —magnit), majmui hodisahoe, ki dar masshtabhoi makroskopi hamchun tasiri mutaqobili bayni jarayonhoi elektri, bayni jarayonhovu magnitho (jismhoe, ki momenti magniti dorand) va bayki magnitho zohir meshavand. In tasiri mutaqobil ba vositai maydoni magniti ba amal meoyad. Hamai moddaho to darajae ba khosiyathoi magniti sohiband (nig. Magnetik), …

MAGNETIZMI ZAMIN, geomagnetizm, maydoni magnitii Zamin va fazoi nazdizaminii Kayhon; fasli geofizika, ki taqsimoti maydoni geomagnitiro dar fazo va tagyiryobii onro vobasta ba vaqt, inchunin prosesshoi geofizikii dar Zamin va qabathoi boloi atmosfera bavujudoyandaro ki bo maydoni geomagniti aloqamandand, meomuzad. Maydoni geomagnitiro dar har nuqtai fazo bo vektora shiddatnoki T …

MAVJHOI KUTOH radiomavjhoe, ki darozii mavjashon az 10 to 100 m ast. Mavjhoi kutoh az ionosfera inikos meshavand (ionosfera miqdori kami onhoro furu mebarad). Azbaski Mavjhoi kutoh bayni sathi Zamin va ionosfera chandin karat inikos meshavand, binobar in ba masofahoi dur pahn shuda metavonand. Az in sabab Mavjhoi kutohro baroi …

MAVJHOI MIYONA, radiomavjhoe, ki darozii mavjashon az 102 to 10s km (basomadashon 3 MGs — 300 kGs) meboshad. Ruzona Mavjhoi miyonaro ionosfera ba darajai namoyon furu mebarad va onho faqat chun mavjhoi sathi, az cathi Zamin ubur karda pahn meshavand. Mavjhoi miyona shabona, misli mavjhoi kutoh, az ionosfera va az …

MAGAKYaN Ivan Georgievich (tavallud 6.       4. 1914, Tbilisi), geologi soveti, akademiki AF RSS Armaniston (1948). Instituti kuhkorii Leningradro khatm kardaast (1935). Sardori partiyai ekspedisiyai Pomir va digar mavzehoi Tojikiston (1934—40), direktori Instituti ilmhoi geologii AF RSS Armaniston (1960—63), akademik — kotibi Shubai ilmhoi tekhniki (az 1943), sonitar Shubai ilmhoi oid …

MAVJHO, vobasta ba vaqt tagyir yoftani tartibi fazovii maksimumu minimumhoi buzurgihoi fiziki, mas., fishor, zichii modda, shiddatnokii maydonhoi elektriyu magniti; lappishhoi pahnshavanda. Dar fizikai muosir namudhoi zerini Mavjhoro tadqiq mekunand: mavjhoi sathii chandir (holati khususii onho Mavjhoi sadoi), mavjhoi elektromagniti (az jumla, shuoafkanii harorati, rushnoi, gammashuoi, shuohoi rentgeni, radiomavjho, mavjhoi …

MAVJHOI DAROZ, radiomavjhoe, ki darozii mavjashon az 1 km to 10— 20 km meboshad. Dar sathi kuravii Zamin dar natijai difraksiya radiomavjho ba masofai 1—2 hazor km pahn shuda metavonand. Mavjhoi daroz ba tufayli tasiri mavjbari kuravii atmosfera, ki dar bayni sathi Zamin va hududi poyonii ionosfera ba vujud meoyad, …

MAVJHOI DE-BROYL, mavjhoe, ki harakati mikrozarraho (elektron, proton, atom va g.)-po tavsif mekunand. In mafhumro soli 1924 fiziki fransavi L. de-Broyl peshnihod kardaastu on tabiati kvantii mikrozarraho (dualizmi korpuskulavi-mavjii onho)-ro sharh medihad. Muvofiqi farziyai de-Broyl ba har yak mikrozarrai impulsash r va energiyaash E mavji daroziash X =—- (/< — …

MAVJHOI ZILZILA, lappishhoeand, ki dar Zamin az markazhoi zilzila, tarkish va manbahoi digar pahn meshavand. Mavjhoi zilzila dar nazdikii markazhoi zilzilahoi purzur (ki aksar davri lappishashon ba dahyaki soniya barobar ast) quvvai kharobiovar dorand. Mavjhoi zilzilae, ki az episentri zilzila dar masofahoi dur voqeand, mavjhoi chandir meboshand. Mavjhoi zilzilai barqad …