MAGNETIZMI ZAMIN

MAGNETIZMI ZAMIN, geomagnetizm, maydoni magnitii Zamin va fazoi nazdizaminii Kayhon; fasli geofizika, ki taqsimoti maydoni geomagnitiro dar fazo va tagyiryobii onro vobasta ba vaqt, inchunin prosesshoi geofizikii dar Zamin va qabathoi boloi atmosfera bavujudoyandaro ki bo maydoni geomagniti aloqamandand, meomuzad. Maydoni geomagnitiro dar har nuqtai fazo bo vektora shiddatnoki T tavsif medihand, ki buzurgi va samti on bo 3 tashkildihandahoyash X, U, Z (shimoli, sharqi va amudi) dar sistemai koordinatahoi rostkunja yo bo 3 elementi Magnetizmi zamin tashkildihandai ufuqii shiddatnoki N, mayli magniti D (kunji bayni N va hamvorii meridiani geografi) va tamoili magniti / (kunji baynn T va hamvorii ufuq) muayyan karda meshavand (rasmi 1). Elementhoi Magnetizmi zamin bo yorii kompleksi magniti, teodoliti magniti magnitometrhoi gunogun, tarozui magniti, variometri magniti va g, chen karda meshavand. Gayr az in, baroi dar bahr va dar havo chen kardani Magnetizmi zamin kishti, samolyot va vertolyotho bo asbobhoi makhsus jihozonda meshavand.

Magnetizmi zamin dar natijai tasiroti manbahoi doimie, ki andaruni Zamin joygirandu faqat ba tagyiroti susti asri (variasiyaho) duchorand va manbahoi beruna (tagyiryobanda), ki dar magnitosferai Zamin va ionosfera joygirand, ba amal meoyad. Vobasta ba hamin maydoni geomagnitii doimi (asosi, 99%) va maydoni geomagnitii tagyiryobanda (1%)-ro farq mekunand.

Maydoni geomagnitii doimi ba sokhti dokhilii Zamin va tasiri jarayonhoi girdbodshakli qari on aloqamand ast va dar nuqtahoi gunoguni sathi Zamin har khel meboshad. Maydoni magnitii Zamin qutbhoi magnitie dorad, ki bo qutbhoi geografi muvofiq nameoyand va mavqei onho bo mururi zamon tagyir yofta meistad. Baroi omukhtani maydoni magnitii doimi va taqsimoti on dar fazo qimathoi dar joyhoi gunogun chenkardashudai N, D, I-ro ba kharita dokhil mekunand (kharitahoi magniti tartib medihand) va nuqtahoi ba qimathoi yakkhelai elementhoi Magnitizmi Zamin muvofiqoyandaro bo khatho menayvandand (nig. Izokhatho). Dar natija, khati maylhoi yakkhela (izogonaho), khati tamoyulhoi yakkhela (izoklinho) va khati tashkildihandahoi ufuqii yakkhela (izodizamaho) va g. hosil meshavad (rasmi 2). Azbaski elementhoi Magnitizmi Zamin ba darajai namoyon tagyir yofta meistand, har zamon aniq kardani kharitahoi magniti lozim meoyad.

Tamoyuli shiddatnokiyu kharakteri taqsimoti elementhoi Magnitizmi Zamin az qimati miyona (normali)-i maydon baroi mavzei muayyan anomaliyahoi magniti nomida meshavand. Vobasta ba intensiviyat va buzurtii masohati darbargiranda anomaliyahoi jahoni (ki ba manbahoi umqii zonahoi Zamin aloqamand meboshand, mas., anomaliyai Sibiri Sharqi, anomaliyai Braziliya va g.), regionali va lokali mavjudand. Anomaliyahoi regionali va lokaliro dar qishri Zamin nomuntazam taqsim shudani jinshoi kuhii az elementhoi ferramagniti boy muayyan mekunad va in anomaliyaho ba sokhti geologi va strukturai tektonikii mahal aloqamand meboshand, ki in asosi metodhoi magnitometrii inkishofi sarvathoi zerizamini megardad.

Maydoni geomaglitii tagyiryobandaro jarayonhoi elektrii girdbodshakl dar qabathoi boloi atmosfera — ionosfera ba vujud meorand. On az variasiyahoi davri va gayridavri iborat ast. Variasiyahoi davri ba mavqei Zamin nisbat ba Oftob aloqamand buda, az rui qonuniyati muayyan dar davomi shaboruz, sol az davri khuruji Oftob oshkor karda meshavand. Variasiyahoi gayridavri (mas., tufoni magniti) dar natijai ba Zamin nazdik shudani seli zarrahoi zaryadnoke, ki az sohahoi faoli Oftob berun partofta shudaand, ba amal meoyand. Tadqiqothoi geomagnitiro bo yorii magnitometra, stansiyahoi magniti, rasadkhonahoi geofiziki, yupptihoi makhsus, stansihoi shinovar, samolyotho, radifoni masnu va g. meguzaronand. Omukhtani Magnitizmi Zamin baroi hal kardani muhimtarin masalaho, az jumla tadqiqi prosesshoi tektonikie, ki dar qabathoi chuquri Zamin ba vujud meoyand, justujui sarvathoi zerizamini, mushohidai pahnshavii radiomavjho dar fazo va g. ahamiyati kalon dorad.