MAVJHOI ZILZILA

MAVJHOI ZILZILA, lappishhoeand, ki dar Zamin az markazhoi zilzila, tarkish va manbahoi digar pahn meshavand. Mavjhoi zilzila dar nazdikii markazhoi zilzilahoi purzur (ki aksar davri lappishashon ba dahyaki soniya barobar ast) quvvai kharobiovar dorand. Mavjhoi zilzilae, ki az episentri zilzila dar masofahoi dur voqeand, mavjhoi chandir meboshand. Mavjhoi zilzilai barqad (R-mavj) hajmi muhit, yane qobiliyati fishurdashavi va vaseshavii onro tagyir medihand. Dar onho lappishho dar samti pahnshavi ba amal meoyand. Mavjhoi zilzilai kundalang (5-mavj) hajmi muhitro tagyir namedihand va az lappishhoi zarraho dar samti nisbat ba samti pahnshavii mavjho perpendikulyar iboratand. Lappishhoi zilzila dar har lahzai vaqt va dar har nuqtai muhit muodilahoi mavjro (baroi mavjhoi R va S) qanoat mekunonand. Dar muhiti yakjinsayu izotropii chandir surathoi pahnshavii mavjhoi barqad (a) va kundalang (6) bo formulahoi: muayyan karda meshavand (r — zichii

muhit; k + — i — X -I- Sh k — moduli fishurdashavii harjoniba; X va s sobitahoi Lyame, dar zimni in s — moduli lagzish). Surati mavjhoi barqad nazar ba surati mavjhoi kundalang ziyod ast.

Inikos va shikasti mavjhoi barqad (R) dar hududi judoi.

Jihati khossai pahnshavii Mavjhoi zilzila (mavjhoi chandir dar muhitii sakht) on ast, ki hangomi ba sathi judoii muhithoi parametrhoyashon (surat va zichi) gunogun ureb aftidani yak navi mavjho (mas., mavjhoi kundalang), gayr az mavjhoi inikosshuda va shikastan kundalang, mavjhoi inikosshuda va shikastan barqad ba vujud meoyand (rasm). Dar nazdikii sathhoi hamjudo dar Zamin Mavjhoi zilzilai sathi paydo meshavand. Mavridi ba hamvorii sarhadi aftidani mavji R dar in qabat mumkin ast mavjhoi inikosshudai R va SY hosil shavand. Dar ayni hol, agar at>bi>a\>bi (a( va |— suratho dar qabat, a2 va 2 — suratho dar muhiti nohamhudud) boshad, R-i inikosshuda va ham Si-v inikosshuda khosiyati inikosi purrai dokhiliro doro meshavand. Dar natija, dar qabati dodashuda mavjhoi Reley tashakkul meyoband.

Mavjhoi R va S az manba dar tamomi hajmi Zamin pahn meshavand va mavjhoi hajmi nom dorand. Amplitudai lappshhoi hajmi dar muhiti yakjinsayu izotropi ba masofa chappa mutanosiban kam meshavad. Ampliitudai lappishhoi sathi boshad, qad-qadi sath pahn shuda, ba reshai kvadrati az masofa chappa mutanosiban kam meshavad. Ba hamin sabab dar lappishhoi az zilzilai manbahoi dur amplitudai mavjhov sathi bartari dorand. Vobasta ba tagyiri khosiyathoi umqi Zamin surathoi pahnshavii Mavjhoi zilzilai hajmi ham vobasta ba umq tagyir meyoband. In ba refraksiyai mavjho dar qari Zamin bois meshavad.

Mushohidai pahnoishi Mavjhoi zilzila dar rui Zamin ba tadqiqi sokhti Zamin imkoniyat faroham ovard. Dar omukhtani konhoi neftu gaz, daryoftani strukturai gunoguni geologi va kandani parmachohhoi chuqur, dar hal namudani muhimtarin masalahoi geologiyai injeneri Mavjhoi zilzilaro ba inobat megirand.

Yu. L. Mamadaliev, N. X. Isomov.