Ilm

MO-SZI, Modi (479—400 to m.), faylasuf va khodimi siyosii Khitoi Qadim, asosguzori maktabi falsafii moiho. U ba muqobili konfusiychigi, ki hukmronii ashrofiyai merosiro tanazzulnopazir medonist, muborizai goyavi meburd. Nuqtai asosii talimoti Mo-szi va shogirdoni u davatest ba barqaror kardani munosibati odami dar bunyodi prinsipi kayhonii «muhabbati kull va manfiati tarafayn». …

MORHO (Serpontoe b Ophidia), yak qatori khazandahoro guyand, ki az davrai bur (taboshir) injonib malumand. Takhmin mekunand, ki Morho az khazandahoi susmorshakl yo kaltakaloshoi obi ba vujud omadaand. Morho zamoni qadim khele kalon budand. Darozii V: I tanaash az 11 m 11 \ 2 \\ 3 ;; beshtar bud. Kalontarin …

MORChUBA, sarsabil (Aspara­gus), jinsi rastanihoi bisyorsolaest az oilai zanbaqiho. Poyai sershokh, bargi pulakchashakl, guli maydai zangulashakli bargash sabzcha yo zardtob, asosan judojinsa, guraki sepalla, gujummevai mudavvari surkh dorad. Ziyoda az 300 namudi Morchuba dar nohiyahoi garmseri Evropa, Osiyo, Afri­ka, Avstra­liya meruyad. Morchuba makhsusan dar qismi janubu tropikai Af­rika, kishvarhoi bahri …

MORFOLOGIYa (az yun. morphe — namud. shakl, sokht va …logiya)% yak juzi sistemai zaboni tabiist, ki tarzi sokhta shudan, darki manoi shaklhoi kalimahoi zabonro tamin menamoyad; yak qismi zabonshinosi (grammatika) meboshad, ki in juzi sistemai zabonro meomuzad. Morfogenez hamchun ilm az du fasl iborat ast: 1) fasli omuzishi kalimasozi, 2) …

MORFOLOGIYaI ODAM, 1) talimotest dar borai sokhti badani odam dar jarayoni inkishof va faoliya­ti hayoti on; anatomiya, embriologiya va gistologiyai odamro dar bar megirad. 2) Yak fasli antropologiya ast, ki khususiyathoi azoi badani odamro vobasta ba jinsu sin, najodu joi istiqomat, qadu bast va kasbu kor meomuzad. Metodhoi tadqiqoti morfologi …

MORFOLOGIYaI RASTANIHO, fitomorfologiya, yake az faslhoi muhimi ilmi botanika buda, qonuniyati sokht va prosesshoi tashakkuli rastanihoro dar jarayoni inkishofi fardi va tarikhii evolyusioni meomuzad. Ba qadri inkishofi tarikhii Morforlogiyai rastaniho az on anatomiyai rastaniho, ombriologiyai rasganiho va sitologiya chun fanhoi mus­taqil judo shudand. Muayyan kardani gunogunii rastaniho dar tabiat, omuzishi …

MORFOLOGIYaI HAYVONOT, ilmest, ki az shakl va sokhti organizmi hayvonot dar jarayoni inkishofi fardi (ontogenez) va tarikhi yo evolyusioni (filogenez)-i onho bahs mekunad. Anatomiya, anatomiyai metafozai hayvonot, gnstologiya, si­tologiya va embriologiya az qismathoi Morfologiyai hayvonot meboshand. Metodhoi tadqiqoti morfologi dar digar fanhoi biologi, monandi zeologiya, paleon­tologiya va g. niz ba …

MORKhUR, buzi kuhi, buzi parmashoh (Capra (Orthaegoceros) falconeri), hayvoni juftsumi va shinest az jin­si vuz. Dar RSS Tojikiston yak zernamudi Morkhur (S. f. heptneri) malum ast. Morkhur kalonjussa, daroziash 175—190 sm va qadash 90—115 sm, poyhoi darozi purquvvat, shokhi kalonu vaznini parmashakl dorad. Vazni Morkhuri nar 86—109 kg va modaash …

MORTUK (Egeshorurum), yak jinsi rastaniro guyand, ki ba oilai khushaiho mansub ast. Mortuk giyohi yaksolaest, ki poyai kajbargi pahn va khushaguli kutoh dorad. Beshtari khushachaho 3—6 gul dorand. 8 namudi Mortuk az bahri Miyonazamin to Hinduston pahn shudaast. Dar SSSR (az jumla dar Tojikiston) 5 namudash (E. orientale, E. buonapartis, …

MORFIN, alkaloid, vositai tabobati az guruhi doruhoi rafkunandai dard. Dar amaliyai tib asosan gidrokhloridi on chun vositai tabobati (bo tavsiyai dukhtur) hangomi jarohat va bemorihoi gunogune, ki dardashon bisyor sakht ast, inchunin baroi ba jarrohi tayyor namudani bemoron va badi jarrohi, bazan dar vaqti tang shudani nafas istifoda meshavad. Hangomi …