Madaniyat va Sanat

Abashidze Grigol Grigorevich (1. 8. 1914, Chiaturai Gurjiston -1994), shoir va navisandai gurji, akad. AN RSS Gurjiston (1979). Qahramoni Mehnati Sotsialisti (1974). Kotibi yakumi Sadorati IN Gurjiston (1967 – 1981). Khatmkardai Donishgohi davlatii Tbilisi (1936). Sherhoyash az soli 1934 chop meshavand. Asarhoi Abashidze ba tarikhi qadimi Gurjiston va hayoti bunyodkoronai …

Abdulboqii Nahovandi (1570, dehai Julaki Nahovand – 1633, Hinduston), shoir, adib, tarikhnigori forsizaboni Hinduston. Ajdodash az kurdoni Iroq budand. Bobovu padarash dar davrai hukmronii Ismoili Safavi (1501 – 1524) az Iroq ba Eron kuchidand. Padari Abdulboqii Nahovandb, barodarash Oqo Hizr chun omilon, voli, hukumatdoroni baze mintaqahoi atrofi davlat khidmat mekardand. …

Abbanyano (Abbaqnano) Nikola (15.7.1901 -9.9.1990), faylasufi ide­alist – ekzistensialisti italiyavi. Falsafaro dar Donishgohi Neapol omukhta dar donishgohhoi Salerno, (1923), Neapol (1926 – 1935) va Turin (1945 -1976) ustod bud. U asosan namoyandai raviyai ekzistensionalizm dar falsafa budaast. In raviya yak namudi idealizmi subektivi buda, muddaist, ki mavridi tahqiqi falsafa faqat …

Abdulazizi Makhsum (soli tavallud va vafotash namalum), hofiz, navozanda, shoir va musiqidoni mashhuri tojik (asri 19). Zodgohash Bukhoro, dar hamon jo az olam guzashtaast, U az javoni ba omukhtani sanati saroyandagi va navozandagi pardokhta, ba darajai ustodi rasidaast. Baroi takmili peshai ovozkhoni, soznavozi, farogirii qavonini sheriyu musiqi nazdi Ahmadi Donish, …

MAKTABI MINYOTURI ShEROZ, yake az sabk va maktabhoi minyoturnigorie, ki nimai avvali asri 14 dar Sheroz tashakkul yoftaast. Qadimtarin namunai osori Madaniyati minyoaturi Sheroz, ki to zamoni mo rasidaast, minyoturkori va oroishoti haft dastkhati «Shohnoma»-i Firdavsi meboshad, ki solhoi 1330—52 anjom yoftaast. Dar in solho dar Sheroz kitobkhonae amal mekard, …

MAKTABI MUSIQI, muassisai makhsusi talimiyu tarbiyavi, ki dar on asoskhoi nazariyaviyu amalii sanati musiqi omukhta meshavad. Pesh az Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sosialistii Oktyabr dar Tojikiston yagon Maktabi musiqi vujud nadosht. Tanho soli 1922 dar Bukhoro Maktabi musiqii khalqhoi Sharq (holo Omuzishgohi musiqii ba nomi Domullohalim Ibodov) kushoda shud. Mashguliyatho ba zaboni …

MANSUBA (ar.  — tainot, chize barpo kardashuda, tadbiri kor, nayrange soz kardan yo fitnae angekhtan), 1) dar shohmotbozii mohirona, tadbiri nayrangomez. Vaziyati (shakli) ba tavri suni barpo kardashudai koloy (muhrahoi) shatranj dar rui mat, ki odatan yake az tarafho (safedho yo siyohho) boyad suporishero ijro kunad (mas., shohi harifro mot …

MALSYOKKO (ital. shabesso, az male — kasali va secco — khushki), khushkii siroyati, kasalii khavfnoktarini rastanihoi sitrusi, ki zanburugi Deuterophoma trache-iphila ba vujud meovarad. Dar aksari mamlakathoi sohili sharqii bahri Miyonazamin pahn shudaast. Dar SSSR bori avval soli 1939 dar Ojoriston oshkor karda shud, ki onro ba in jo tavassuti …

MALShKO Andrey Samoylovich (14. 11. 1912, dehai Obukhov, hozira viloyati Kiev —17. 2. 1970, Kiev), shoiri sovetii ukrain. Azoi KPSS az soli 1943. Ishtirokchii Jangi Buzurgi Vatani (1941—45). Asarhoyash az soli 1930 nashr shudaand. Mayam, avvalini Malishko «Vatan» (1936) nom dorad. Ashori davrai avvali Malishko beshtar kharakteri liriki doshta, samimi …

MALDIV, galajazirai paydoishash marjoni dar uqyonusi Hind, janubu garbtar az nimjazirai Hinduston. Dar Maldiv,  Respublikai Maldiv joygir ast. DAR KhARITA