Madaniyat va Sanat

TUGRO (turki — muhri shoh, farmon), nave az khati arabii oroishist, ki az ibtidoi asri 16 malum ast. Khati tugro az sari harfi nom va laqabi shohon ba tarzi makhsusi «bofta» (gulkhat) dar shakli monogramma tarkib yofta, dar sari farmonho va digar hujjathoi rasmii davlati navishta meshud.  Juzhoi harf dar …

TUTQAVUL, qarargoh, yodgorii asosii madaniyati Hisor, mansub ba asri miyona va avvalhoi davrai mezolit. Dar dehai Tutqavul dar daromadgohi janubi darai Pulisangin voqe bud, ki zeri obanbori GES-i Norak mondaast. Solhoi 1963—1969 V. A. Ranov kashf va tadqiq kard. Masohati qarorgoh taqriban ba 1 ga barobar. Dar 3,5 hazor m2 …

TUNBAK, dumbak, sozi zarbii musiqiest, ki dar bayni sokinoni kuhistoni Tojikiston mamul ast. Ba shakli kuzai bedasta az safol sokhta, ba dahonash pust mekashand va zeri bagal girifta menavozand. Nigared niz Tablak.

«TURKZARB» zarbest dar «Duvozdahmaqom» va «Shashmaqom». Dar «Duvozdahmaqom» gushahoi musiqii «Iroqi mushobeh» va «Mohuri Kabir» bo in zarb ijro meshavand. Dar «Giyos-ul-lugot» haftdah usul (zarb)-i ajami ovarda shudaast, ki usuli duyumi on «turkzarb» yo «turki» nomida shudaast. Nigared niz Turk. I. Rahimov.

TUR (dar Avesto Tura), personaji rivoyatu usturahoi Eroni boston va «Shohnoma»-i Firdavsist. Dar «Farvardin-yasht»-i Avesto, «Chekhrdod-nask» -i «Dinkard» dostoni Tur mukhtasar omadaast. Muvofiqi baze rivoeti eroni Tur sarnasli turoniyon bud. Muvofiqi rivoyoti «Shohnoma»-i Firdavsi pas az on ki Faridun mamolikashro bayni se pisar taqsim kard, ba Tur Turonu Chinro dod. …

TURK dar musiqi, 1) zarb va usuli muayyani doyra dar musiqii guzashta. 2) Ohangi khalqiest iborat az 3 qism. Qismi 1 -um bo usuli «Chapandoz» («Nasrullohi»), 2- yum bo usuli «Ufar» va 3-yum bo usuli «Qashqarcha ijro meshavad. 3) Yak avji mashhur, ki dar surudu ohanghoi «Shashmaqom» chun shakli zarbu …

TRUBA, sozi musiqii nafasii orkestri va yakkanavozii registrash baland. Truba az nai darozi tobkhurdae iborat buda, dahanaash misli surnay mudavvari vase ast. Darozii nai on 1500 mm va qutrash 11 mm. Avval trubahoi beventil mamul buda, az soli 1816 nakhustin trubahoi ventilnoki qatorovozi khromatiki doshta paydo shudand. Holo namudhoi zerini …

TOJMAHAL, yake az namoyontarin yodgorii memorii hindu islomi dar davrai hukmronii Temuriyoni Hind (1526—1858), maqbarai zani Shohjahon — Mumtozmahal, ki solhoi 1630—52 dar nazdi Agra, dar sohili rudi Jamna bunyod shudaast; (badtar khudi Shohjahonro ham dar Tojmahal dafn kardand). Tojmahal (memorash az rui takhminho Ustod Iso) binoi panjgunbazaest (balandiash 74 …

TOShTEMIRTEPPA, kushki mansub ba asrhoi 4—6, ki 9 km shimolu garbtar az pos. Shahristoni rayyoni Uroteppa voqe gashtaast. Solhoi 1969, 1973—75 omukhta shud. Toshtemirteppa az pokhsa va khishti khom bino yofta, az havlii murabbai 100 kh 100 m, daromadgohi pech dar pech iborat ast. Devori khonaho khele baland — to …

TOQI, t u p p i, yake az navhoi mamuli kallapushi khalqhoi Osiyoi Miyona (tojikon va uzbekho), aholii janubi Qirgiziston, inchunin Afgoniston, Eron va Turkiya. Toqi az teppa (tora), kizak, abra, jiyak (sheroza, zeh) yaborat ast. Muvofiqi sharoiti mahal, tabi odamon va dar natijai rivoju ravnaqi sanati amalii khalq khelhoi …