TOQI

TOQI, t u p p i, yake az navhoi mamuli kallapushi khalqhoi Osiyoi Miyona (tojikon va uzbekho), aholii janubi Qirgiziston, inchunin Afgoniston, Eron va Turkiya. Toqi az teppa (tora), kizak, abra, jiyak (sheroza, zeh) yaborat ast. Muvofiqi sharoiti mahal, tabi odamon va dar natijai rivoju ravnaqi sanati amalii khalq khelhoi gunoguni Toqi ba vujud omadaand: chust, chorgula, yaroqi, tagduei yo chamangul, zarduzi, yurma, pupakdor (pupakchador), turtupi (araqchin), dukhob, kabud (sabz), tavilbegi va gayra.

Dar janubi Tojikiston (Kulob, Darvoz, Qarotegin, Hisor va gayra) Toqii mudavvar va gumbazshakl, dar shimoli Tojikiston (Uroteppa, Leninobod, Asht, Konibodom, Isfara va gayra) Toqii chorkuncha mamul ast. Matoi teppa va kizaki Toqii rayonhoi janubi Tojikiston az karbos, alocha, chiti ranga yo yakrang, las, shohi, makhmal, parcha ast. Badi az mato burridani teppayu kizaki Toqi ba on nuskha kashida, bo abreshimi ranga gul meduzand. Dar zeri teppayu kizak astar guzoshta (peshtar dasti, holo bo moshinai libosduzi), laganda mekunand. Kizakro barqad, tepparo az past ba bolo laganda mekunazd va dar bayni laganda bo piltakash piltchai kogazi (dar guzashta piltai pakhtagi ham meshud) meguzaronand. Toqi avvalho gumbazshakl (konusshakl), muloim buda, holo shakli on dar mahalho tagyir yofta, kame sakhttar shudaast. Jiyaki Toqi peshtar borik (bazei on dar dastgohi makhsus) va gulnok tayyor karda meshud (masalan, jiyaki Toqii iroqi va gayra). Holo pahnii jiyaki Toqi dar nohiyahoi gunogun har khel ast. Baroi kalonsolon pesh Toqii sabuk (bahorpushak, araqchin) vujud dosht. Toqii zarduzii Bukhoro (dar guzashta mudavvar, holo chorkunja) dar sar to sari Tojikiston pahn gardidaast. Toqii zarduziro az rui nuskhai kogazi gafs meduzand.
Dar shimoli respublika Toqii chust mashhur ast. Onro qarib dar hamai shahru rayonhoi Tojikistonu Uzbekiston va yak qismi Qirgiziston niz mepushand. To solhoi 50 javonon Toqii chamandagul mepushidand. Teppayu kizaki chunin Toqi bo abreshimi boriki ranga, az rui nuskha, purra gulduzi karda meshud. In khel Toqi ham shakli chorkunja va jiyakgi iroqi dosht. Zanon asosan dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti tuppipush shudand. To galabai Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr zanon tanho dar nohiyahoi Bukhoroyu Samarqand va Pomir Toqi mepushidand. Ba kudakon Toqii sabuk — araqchin mepushonidand. Baroi bachagon niz chun baroi kalonsolon Toqi medukhtand.
Adabiyot: Shirokova 3. A., Tradisionnaya sovremennaya odejda jenshin gornogo Tadjikistana, Dushanbe, 1976.
3. A. Shirokova.