Ilm

ShARIFOV Ismat (1915, dehai Etarkai r-ni Dangarai vil. Kulob— 1944), Qahramoni Ittifoqi Soveti (1944, badi vaf.), askari qatori. To ogozi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani kolkhozchii k-zi «Komintern». Az fevr. 1942 dar khizmati harbi. Sharifov dar Fronti 2-yumi Ukraina dar hayati sobiq Polki 861-umi tirandozii Diviziyai 294-umi tirandozi jangid. Hangomi az istilogaroni …

ShAMOZIT (az nomi dehai Shamozoni Shveysariya), mineralest az zersinfi silikathoi va rasiya, (Fe3+ FeV), (AlSijO.oJ – (ON)2  (FeMg)3 1(0, ON)6. Ba shakli gurushahoi maydan lunda va sabzrang duchor meshavad. Sakhtiash 3; zichiash 3—3,4 g/ sm3. Paydoishash asosan tahshini. Madani ohan meboshad.

ShAKKOKIYa (ar.     — shakkoki, nobovari, shubha), skeptisizm, jarayoni falsafiest, ki ba imkoniyati marifati voqeiyati obektivi bovari nadorad. Muvofiqi talimoti Shakokiya odam ba darki sababi hodisaho qodir nest, lekin oqibati onhoro donistanu ba etibor giriftanash mumkin ast. Shakkokiyon ba marifati mohiyati ashyo va kasbi donishi mutamad shubha doshtand, vale faoliyati oqilonai …

ShAKL, dar matematika, bisyoruzvai yakchand tagyiryobandaro guyand, ki darajai uzvhoi on yakkhelaand (darajai yakuzvai (vormul) -ro menomand). Nazariyai Shakl dar geometriyai algebravi, nazariyai adadho, geometriyai differeisiali, mekhanika va dig. sohahoi matematika istifoda meshavad. Shaklro vobasta ba adadi tagyiryobandaho binary (t = = 2), ternari (gp — 3) va g., vobasta …

ShAKL VA MAZMUN, kategoriyahoi falsafiero guyand, ki dar yagonagii dialektiki vujud doshta, mazmun tamomi unsurhoi tarkibi va jihati asosii in yagonagiro faro megirad, shakl boshad, tarzi faroham omadani mazmun va aloqamandii nisbatan ustuvoru zarurii unsurhoi tarkibii onro ifoda mekunad. In kategoriyahoro avvalin shuda namoyandagoni falsafai atiqai Yunon tadqiq namuda budand. …

ShAKLPARASTI, dar sohahoi gunoguni faoliyati inson afzaliyati shakl nisbat ba mazmunro guyand. Dar sanat on shakli «sirf»-ro yagona unsuri asosii ejodii badei medonad. Mayoli shaklparasti dar a. 19 mushohida meshud. Lekin on dar sanati burjuazii a. 20 dar jarayonhoi kubizm, dadaizm, pettrizm va g. zohir gardid. Estetikai marksisti-lenini va tanqidi …

«ShAKL-UL-QUTO», yake az asarhoi matematikii Nasiruddini Tusi. Nomi purrai asar «Kashf-ul-Qino an asrori «shakl- il-quto» ast. On ba zaboni forsi-tojiki talif shudaast. Tarjumai arabi niz dorad. Asar az (?) kitob (har yaki on az yakchand bob) iborat buda, masalahoi nazariyai nisbati tarkibi, nazariyai chorkunjai purrai hamvor, muqaddimai nazariyai chorkunjai purrai …

ShABA, shabah (gagat), yak nav angishtsangi siyohi khiraest, ki hangomi shikastan parraparra judo meshavad. Sakhtiash 3—3,5; zichiash qarib 1,3—1,4 g/sm2. Tanai darakhtone, ki zeri loyqai bahrhoi qadimi monda budand, az tasiri moddahoi khimiyavi, garmi va fishori ziyod ba Shaba tabdil meyoband. Shaba odatan dar bayni regsang, mergel, inchunin dar bayni …

ShABORUZ, shabonaruz vohidi vaqtro guyand, ki ba 24 soat barobar ast. Shaboruz sitoragi va oftobi meshavad. Shaboruzi sitoragi ba davri gardishi Zamin ba girdi mehvari khudash nisbat ba sitoraho va Shaboruzi oftobi ba davri gardishi Zamin nisbat ba Oftob barobar ast. 24 s. vaqti miyonai oftobi ba 24 s. 3 …

Sh (sha), harfi bistushashumi alifboi hozirai tojikist, ki az alifboi rusi girifta shuda (1940), ovozi hamsadoi zich (affrikata)-i peshizabonii shavshuviro ifoda mekunad va shakli navishti chopiash Shsh dastnavisash Sh sh. meboshad. Dar alifboi arabiasosi tojiki (to 1930) Shin nom doshta, ba shakli ishora meshud. Dar alifboi lotiniasosi tojiki (1930—40) shakli …