Ilm

Nitrofoska, nurin mineralii murakkabi nitrogen, fosfor va kaliydor. 35—52% N, PjO| va K20 do­rad. Bo rohi bo omekhtai kislotai nitratu fosfat (dar omekhtagii am­miak va khloridi kaliy) vayron kardani appatit yo fosforit hosil mekunand. Nitrofoska az presipitat, ammo­fos va selitrai ammiaki iborat bu­da, hamchun nurii asosi baroi hama guna ziroat …

Nitropayvastho, payvasthoi organikie, ki dar molekulaashon yak yo yakchand nitroguruhi (—NOj) bo atomhoi karbon payvast dorand. Mo­no-, di- tri- va polinitropayvasthoro farq mekunand. Nitropayvastho alifati (nitroparafinho va nitroolefinho), aromati (nitroanilinho, nit­robenzol, nitrotoluol, nitronafta­lin va gayra), aromatiyu alifati (dar zanjiri alifatii pahluiashon nitroguruh dorand, masalan, fenilnitrometan SvNvSNgMOg, nitrostirol S*N*— —CH=CHNOj va …

Nitrofos, nitrofosfat, nurii murakkabi mineralii nitrogenu fosfordor. Ba hisobi miyona 38% N va Ra ob dorad. Bo rohi bo omekhtai kislotahoi nitratu sulfat yo nitratu fosfat vayron namudani apatit yo fosforit va muntazam ammononii moddahoi ba reaksiya dokhilshavanda hosil menamoyaod. Nitrofos az presipitat, omekhtai selitrai am­miakiyu gips yo presipitat, ammofos …

Nitroefirho, efirhoi murak­kabi kislotai nitratu spirtho, ki dar molekulaashon yak yo yakchand guruhi nitrati (—ON02) bo atomi karbon payvast shuda dorand. Masalan, alkilnitratho, nitrati spirthoi duatoma, nitrathoi gliserin, nitra­ti sellyuloza va gayra.  Nitroefirho vobasta ba shumorai guruhhoi nitratii tarkibashon ba mono-, di- va polinitroefirho chudo meshavand. Nitroefirhoro dar sanoat bo …

Niobiy (lotini Niobium), Nb, elementi khimiyavii guruhi V sistemai davrii Mendeleev, raqami at. 41, massa i at. 92,9064. Niobiy yak izotopi tabii 93Nb dorad. Niobiy 2 * 10_3% massai qishri Zaminro tashkil menamoyad. Niobiy dar tabiat asosan dar namudi oksidho dar tarkibi mineralho yakjoya bo Ta, Ti, Sa, Na, Th, …

Nishonaatom, nigared. Indikatorhoi izotopi.

Nikel (lot. Niccolum)! Ni, elementi khimiyavii guruhi VIII sistemai davrii Mendeleev. Raqami atom 28, massai atami 58,70. Nikeli tabii az omekhtai 5 izotopi sobit iborat ast: 58Ni (67,76%), 60Ni (26,16%), 61Ni (1,25%), 63Ni (3,66%), 64Ni (1,16%). Hikelpo avvalin marotiba soli 1751 khi­miki shved A. Kronstedt hosil namuda ast. Nikel 5,8 …

Nikelin, kolchedani surkhi n i k e l, mineral, arsenidi nikel NiAs. Dar tarkibash 43,9% Ni, 56,1 % As va aksar vaqt omekhtahoi SO, Fe, Sb va gayra dorad. Dar sistemai geksagonali kristall mebandad, kristallhoyash kamyoft. Odatan massahoi donadori yaklukht va agregathoi gurdamonand hosil menamoyad. Ravgash surkhi past; jiloyash metalli. …

Nizoriya (az nomi Nizor Abumansur), shokhai ismoiliya yo khud ismoiliyai sharqi, ki okhiri asri 11 az ismoiliyai fotimi (mustaqil) judo shuda dar Iroq, Misr, Suriya va Eron pahn gardidaast. Sababi paydoishi Nizoriya vayron namudani qoidai vorisiyati imomati ismoiliya az tarafi imom Mustansir (vafotash 1094) donista shudaast. Mustansir vaqti dar hayot …

Nika, dar Yunoni Qadimi olihai galaba; laqabi olihai Afi­na, ki ba sharafi on dar akropoli Afina mabadi doroi tasviroti Nika sokhta shudaast. Mujassamai Nika dar shakli maloikai az osmon furudoyanda ba sharafi galaba dar jang va musobiqai sportiyu sanat guzoshta meshud. Dar Rimi Qadim ba Vikto­riya ayniyat dosht.