Ilm

Nitrathoi tabii, gurudi mi­neralhoest, ki namakhoi tabiii kislotai nitrat hisob meshavad. Mineralhoi asosii Nitrathoi tabii inhoand: selitrai natriy NaNO$; selitrai kaliy KNOs; selitrai ammiak NH4NO3; darapskit Na3(N03)  (SO4) N20; nitromagnezit Mg(N03)2*6H20; nitrokalsit Ca(NOs)a * 4N20; nitro­barit Ba(N03)2; gerkhardtit Si (N03) • (ON)3; likaait Cu6(N03)2 • (RO)« • (ON)7.; buttagenbakhit Cui9(N03)2 …

Nishondihandai shikast nisbii du muhit p21 gufta nisbati surathoi pahnoishi rushnoiro dar muhithoi 1-um (i>i) va 2-yum 01 (»}) menomand; p2» == “ (Nishondihandai shikast bu­zurgii beandoza meboshad). (nig. Shikasti rushnoi). Agar muhiti 1-um vakuum boshad (ki dar on surati rushnoi saZ-1010 m/son ast), on goh Nishondihandai shikasti muhit nisbat …

Nitratho, namakhoi kislotai nitrat HNOs. Moddahoi kristallii berang; dar hapopati muqarrari ustuvorand. Dar harorati baland bo osoni oksigeni khudro gum karda khosiyati oksidkunandagi paydo mekunand. Masalan, 2KN03 = 2KNOa + 02 N Dar ob nagz hal meshavand. Onhoro dar natijai ba metallho, oksidho va baze namakho tasir kardani HNOs, tasiri …

Nitrathoi sellyuloza, nit­rosellyuloza, efirhoi murakkabi nitrati sellyuloza; formulai umumiashon[SvN702 (O N) z_g (0N03) kh)p, qimati kh az 1 to 3 tagyir yofta metavonad; massai safedi narmi nakhdor, ki ba sellyuloza shabohat dorad. Khelhoi zerini Nitrathoi sellyuloza ahamiyati ama­li dorand: kolloksilin (10,7—12,2% N dorad), piroksilin № 1 (13,0 — 13,5%’N dorad), …

Nitrifikasiya (az «nitr… va lotini facio — mekunam), prosessi mik­robiologii tabdili namakhoi ammo­niy ba nitratho (shakli asosii gizoi nitrogenii rastani). Dar khok va obi obanborho ba amal meoyad. Nitrifikasiya nishondihandai hosilkhezii khok ast. Nitrifikasiyaro bakteriyahoi nitroanduzi khemosintezi ba vujud meovarand. Nitrifikasiya dar du davr meguzarad. Avval ioni ammoniy bo tasiri …

Nitroammofoska, nurii murakkabi mineralii nitrogen fos­for va kalpydor. 50—54% N, R20$ va K20 dorad. Ba kislotai fosfat vad nitrat (dar omekhtapsh dlorldi am­moniy va sulf&ti kaliy) ammiak tasir namuda N.-ro dosil _meku- nand. N. ae selitrai ammiaki, am­mofos, diammofos, khloridi ammo­niy, sulfati ammoniy va selitrai kaliy iborat buda, damchun nurii …

Nitroanduzho, bakteriya­hoi nitroanduz, bakteriyahoe, ki ammiak va namakhoi ammoniyro ba nitratho tabdil medihand; bak­teriyahoi aerobi, serharakat (kam­ennaya dorand) buda, sokini khok va obanborhoand Nitroanduzho mikrobiologi rus S. N. Vinogradskiy soli 1889 kashf va tavsif kardaast (in kashfiyot ba u imkon dod, ki talimoti khemosintezro ofarad). Ba nitratho mubaddal shudani NH3 …

Nitrogen (az nitro… va…gem), N, elementa khimiyavii guruhi V sis­temai davrii Mendeleev, raqami at. 7, massai at. 14,0067. Nitrogeni tabii az 2 izotopi sobit: 4N (99,635%) va1,5N(0,365%) iborat ast. Az izotophoi radioaktiviash ,3N(T’/2 *= 10,08 daqiqa) beshtar ustuvor ast. Payvasthoi Nitrogen— selitra, kislotai nitrat, ammiak pesh az kashfi Nitrogeni ozod …

Nitrogliserin, trinitrati gliserin, CH2ONO2—GHONOj— — CH2ONO*, efiri purrai gliserin va kislotai nitrat, moddai tarkan­da. Nitrogliserin moei ravganmonandi berang; du khel kristall hosil mekunad: no- ustuvor (t gudozish 2,8“ Selsiya) va sobit (t gudozish 13,5e Selsiya); zichiash 1591 kilogramm/metr9 (25° Selsiya); dar ob halnashavanda, dar aseton, efir, benzol nagz hal mesha­vad. …

Nitroni reaksiyahoi khimiyavie, ki dar natijai onho ba molekulai payvasthoi organiki nitroguruh — NOs dokhil karda meshavand. Nitroniro asosan bo tasiri kislotai nitrat yo oksidhoi nitrogen ba amal mebarorand. Hangomi nitronii parafinho, sikloparafinho (reassiya» M. I. Konovalov) va fenolho kislotai nitrati serob, hangomi Nitronii parafinho (asosan etan, propan) dar ha­rorati …