Ilm

Normai istemol, nishondihandai iqtisodiest, ki istemol va taminoti aholiro az nemathoi moddi va khizmatrasonii maishi tavsif mekunad. Dar mamlakathoi sotsialisti Normai zabon dar vaqti tartib dodani planhoi taraqqiyoti khojagii khalq, balandshavii nekuahvolii mehnatkashon va dar davrai tahlili iqtisodiyu statistikii in planho istifoda meshavad. Normai p l a n i r …

Normai kisht, meyori muayyani kishti tukhmist ba 1 ga. Normai kisht ba navi ziroat, hosilkhezii zamin, tukhmi, muhlat, usulhoi kisht va gayra vobasta ast. Normai kishti yak namudi ziroat niz gu­nogun shudanash mumkin. Macolan, Normai kishti ziroati silosbob nazar ba ziroati galla ziyod ast. Normai kisht baroi nohiyahoi shimoli SSSR …

Nonius, shkalai yorirasonest, ki tavassuti on hissahoi taqsimoti shkalai asosii asbobi chenkunandaro mesanjand. Az nomi olimi portugali Nonius Nuvish (P. Nunes) girifta shudaast, ki avvalii bor arbobi ba Nonius monandro kor farmuda bud. Timsoli Noniumhoi zamonaviro matematiki fravsavi P. Verve peshnihod kardaast, az hamin sabab Noniumro beshtar verner niz menomand. …

Nominalizm (lot. nominalis — mansub ba nomho, nomdor, az nomen— nom), jarayoni falsafai asrimiyonagi, ki mafhumhoi umumiro faqat mahsuli nomi predmethoi alohida medonist. Nominalizm tarikhi qadim dorad. Antisfen va Diogeni Sinopi hamchun mukholifoni Aflotun namoyandagoni Nominalizm budand. Dar ibtidoi asrhoi miyona Nominalizm chun etiroz bar ziddi mintiqai manavii navaflotuniya paydo …

Nomogramma (az yun. nomos — qonun va gramma—khat, harf, imlo), naqshaest, ki tasviri makhsusi vobastagii funksionali meboshad (nig. nomografiya). Asosan chun vositai hisob dar muosiboti injeneri is­tifoda meshavad.

Nomografiya (az yun. nomos—qonun va …grafiya), fasli matematika ast, ki nazariya va usulhoi amalii sokhtani nomogrammahoro meomuzad. Khususiyati nomogramma az on iborat ast, ki har yak naqsha sohai dodashudai digargunshavii tagyiryobandaro ifoda mekunad va har yak qimati tagyiryobandaho dar on soha dar no­mogramma bo elementi geometrii muayyan (nuqta yo khat) …

Nomukallafi, dar huquqi jinoyati holati ruhie, ki dar on shakhs ba javobgarii jinoyati kashida nameshavad. Dar SSSR baroi muayyan  namudani holati Nomukallafi dar qonuni jinoyati meyori yuridiki va tibbi istifoda meshavad. Baroi shakhsero nomukallaf hisobidan sababi bemorii ruhii vayro muayyan kardan zarur ast. Agar ekspertizai sudii psikhologi muayyan kunad, ki …

Non, yake az taomhoi mamuli inson. Muvofiqi malumoti arkheologi takhmin kardan mumkin ast, ki istemoli donahoi rastanihoi khushador hanuz 10—15 hazor sol muqaddam cap shudaast. Dar in davra kashf gardidani otash va dasgos, inchunin khamir baroi dar rui sangi tafson yo dar otash pukhta istemol namudani Non sharoit faroham ovard. …

Noyonho (mug. noyon —janob, khon), tabaqai ashrof dar Muguliston. Asri 11 — nimai avvali asri 12—namoyandagoni avlodi qadimai ashrofi mugul, az nimai duyumi asri 12 — namoyandagoni ashrofoni ba sinfi feo­dal tabdilyobanda. Dar Imperiyai feodalii mugul — sinfi feodal. Dar sharoiti parokandagii feodali (asrhoi 14—17) —hokimoni mulkhoi feodali, ki ba …

Nomenklatura (lot. nomenclatura—nomguy, ruikhati nomho), 1) sistema (majmu)-i nomho, istilohotest, ki dar yagon sohai ilmu tekhni­ka istifoda meshavad. Nomenklaturahoi zerin mavjudand: Nomenklaturahoi khimiyavi Nomenklatura dar botanikayu zoologiya va mikrobiologiya, Nomenklaturahoi anatomi (ba tartib darovardani nomhoi lotinii obekthoi anatomi dar hayvonot baroi dar hamai mamlakatho yak khel istifoda burdani onho), Nomenklatui …