Ilm

Ontologiya (yunoni ontos — vujud va logiya), yak fasli falsafaro guyand, ki aslu asosi kulli, prinsipho tarkib va qonuniyati umumii hastiro tahqiq mekunad. Mohiyatan Ontologiya yak nav manzarai olamero ifoda mekunad, ki ba marifati voqeiyat muvofiq omada, dar sistemai kategoriyahoi falsafie, ki ba inu on davr va inchunin ananai falsafi …

Onkhoserkoz, yak shakli bardavomi kasalii kichjagiest (gelmintoz), ki ba on asosan hayvonoti sumdor giriftor meshavand; kirmhoi parazitie az jinsi Onchocerca (lig. Filyariyaho) ba vujud meorand. Khele mamul ast. Onkhoserkoz ba chorvodori (makhsusan ba govu asp) zarar merasonad. Siroyati hayvonot dar charo- goh ba vositai hasharoti khunmake (khomushak, kharmagas) ba amal …

Oprichnina, oprishnina (az rusii qadim oprichniy —makhsus), sistemai chorabnnihoi favquloddai harbiyu mamuri va ijtimoiyu iqtisodii podshoh Ivani IV (Groz­niy) baroi mustahkam namudani hokimiyati mutlaqiyati markazonida shuda va barham dodani parokandagii feodali. Ivani IV barham zadani «oshubho»-ro maqsadi asosii Oprichnina medonist. Barobari jori kardani Oprichnina jazoi berahmonai oppozisiyai boyarhoyu knyazho va …

Optika (yunoni optike — ilm dar boram idroki bosiri, az optos — namoyon), yak fasli fizikaro guyand, ki dar on tabiati afkakishi optiki (rushnoy), pakhnoishi on dar muhithoi gunoguni fiziki va hodisahoe, ki hangomi tasiri mutaqobili rushnoi va modda ba amal meoyand, omukhta meshavand. Afkanishoti op­tiki yake az namudhoi mavjhoi …

Optikai atmosferi, yak fasli fizikai atmosfera buda, hodisahoi optikiero meomuzad, ki hango­mi az atmosfera guzashtani rushnoi ba amal meoyand (shafaq, tirukamon, sarob, tauyiri rangi osmon, parokanish va afkanishi radiatsiyai namoyon va nonamoyon az tarafi atmosfera, polyarizatsiyai rushnoii osmoni, nazarnamoii predmetho va gayra). Vazifai asosii Optikai atmosferi az omukhtani khosiyathoi optikii …

Optikai geometri, yak fasli optika buda qonunhoi pahnoishi rushnoiro dar asosi tasavvurot oid ba shuohoi rushnoi meomuzad. Khatero shuoi rushnoi guyand, ki qad-qadi on seli rushnoi pahn meshavad. Mafhumi shuo faqat to dami dar qitahoi az jihati optiki gayriyakjinsai muhit ba nazar nagiriftani difraksiyai rushnoi ba haqiqat muvofiq ast, yane …

Organizmhoi avtotrofi (az yunoni autos — khud va trophe — khurok), organizmhoi autotrofi, organizmhoest, ki moddahoi organikii baroi hayot zarurro az moddahoi gayriorganiki sintez mekunavd. Ro­li Organizmhoi avtotrofi dar tabiat khele kalon ast. Onho tamomi moddahoi organikiro, ki odam va qarib hamai hayvonho sintez karda nametavonand, hosil mekunand (nigared Organizmhoi …

Organellaho (az organ), qismi tanai organizmhoi yakdujayragi — soddatarinho, ki vazifahoi gunogunro ijro mekunand. Khususan Organellahoi patakcha va qamchinakdorho gunogun va murakkaband. Organellaho yakchand khel meshavand: Organellahoi skeleti va t a k yagohi (masalan, sadafi sarkodoviho, zirehaki patakcha, ki onho orga­nizmro az tasiroti mekhaniki, khimiyavi va digar tasiroti zararnok hifz …

Organizm (az lotini organizo — tashkil mekunam, mesozam), hama gu­na mavjudoti zindaro guyand. Organizmhoi yak va bisyorhujayra doroi chunin khosiyathoi asosii hayotiand,. ki onhoro az materiyai gayrizinda farq me­kunand, yane onkho sokhti hujayravi dorand; ba onkho mubodilai modda, sabzish, inkishof, afzoish, tagyirpaziri, irsiyat, mutobiqshavi ba sharoiti zindagi va gayra khosand. …

Omuzishgohi respublikavii rassomi banomi M. Olimov, muassisai talimiyu hunarist, ki baroi respublika mutakhassisoni khunari nafisa tayyor mekunad. Sentyabr 1936 dar zaminai Kombinati badeii Stalinobod tasis yoft. 7 shuba dorad: rassomi-pedagogi, rassomi-oroishi; shubai kuloli, kandakori dar chub, naqshi nigori milli, mato va modelkunonii l i b o s i teatr i-d …