Ilm

BORIJA (Ferula gummosa), yak nav giyohi khudruy (to 1 m qad mekashad). Bargi serpashm, guli maydai zafaron va khushaguli chatrshakl dorad. May – iyun gulu meva mekunad. Borija rustanii monokarp ast, yane, yak bor gulu meva karda, bad tamoman mekhushkad. Tanho dar alafzori mintaqai dashtii Osiyoi Markazi (Kopetdogi Turkmaniston) meruyad; …

BORIShOTi atmosferi, obest dar holati moe yo sakht, ki az abr meborad (boron, barf, jola) yo bevosita dar sathi zaminu ashyoi ruyi on ba tufayli kondensatsiyai bukhori obi tarkibi havo paydo meshavad (yakhcha, kirav, shabnam). Borishotro bo asbobhoi makhsusi borishsanj bo mm chen mekunand. Miqdori Borishot vobasta ba arzi jugrofiyoi, …

BORON, borishi atmosferie, ki az abrho ba namudi qatrahoi moei kutrashon az 0,5 to 6-7 mm meaftand. Qatrahoi qutrashon ziyoda az 6-7 mm hangomi ba Zamin aftidan ba qatrahoi khurd taqsim meshavand. Qatrahoi judogonai Boron dar sathi moe khalqahoro ba vujud ovarda, dar sathi jismhoi khushk payi tar memonand. Shiddati …

BORONSANJ, boronsanji Tretyakov, dastgoh baroi chen kardani borishoti moe va digar qatrahoi namnoki az fazo fururekhta. Boronsanj az zarfi filizzii ustuvonashakli balandiash 40 sm, gunjoishash 500 sm2 buda, dar fosilai 17 sm az tagi on hojiz (diafagramma)-i qifshakli surokhdor baroi peshgirii bukhorshavii borishot payvast shudaast. Dar zeri hojiz surokhi nulborik …

BORN Maks (11.12.1882, Breslau – 5.1.1970, Gyottingen), fizik va riyozidoni olmoni va anglis, yake az asosguzoroni mekhanikai kvanti. Dar laboratoriyai J. Larmor va J. J. Tomson kor kardaast (1907-08, Kembrij). Doirai tahqiqoti Born asosan tatbiqi nazariyai kvantii A. Eynshteyn dar jismhoi sakht va sokhti atom, nazariyai riyozii mekhanikai kvanti va …

BORNIT, mineral, formulai kimiyoiash Su5FeS4. Ba iftikhori mineralshinosi chekh I. Born nomguzori shuda­ast. Du modifikatsiyai polimorfi: balandaharorat (az 228°S baland) – silsilai bulurbandiash kubi-geksaoktaedri va pastharorat (az 228°S past) – silsilai bulurbandiash tetragonali-skalenoedri dorad. Beshtar dar shakli jinshoi zichi donador va zarraho vomekhurad. Rangash tirai surkhtob. Jiloyash filizzi, sakhtiash 3 …

BORZAD (Potentilla reptans), giyohest bisyorsola. Poyaash khazanda (daroziash 8-50 sm), bandhoyash reshador. Barghoi bekhash panjashakl, bargchahoyash bayzashakli darozruya. Gulash kaloni tilorang. Davrai gulshukuftash may – avgust, tukhmash avgust mepazad. Dar beshazori garmser va pahnbarg, dar qadi juyho, sohili daryo, margzori mavzehoi Qurama, Turkiston, Zarafshon, Hisoru Darvoz va Tojikistoni Janubi (dar …

BOPP Frans (14.9.1791, Mayns, Olmon – 23.10.1867, Berlin), zabonshinosi olmoni, professori Donishgohi Berlin (1821-64), uzvi AI Prussiya (az soli 1822). Asosguzori pajuhishi muqoisavi-tarikhii zabonhoi hinduavrupoi va zabonshinosii muqoisavi. Dar ogoz ba omuzishi san­skrit dast zada, sokhtori kalimaro dar in zabon tahqiq kard. Khulosahoyashro dar kitobi «Doir ba tasrif dar zaboni …

BOR (lot. Borum), V, unsuri kimiyoii guruhi III jadvali davrii Mendeleev; raqami tartibiash 5, massai at. 10,811. Soli 1808 olimoni faronsavi J. Gey-Lyussak va L. Tenar kashf kardaand. Bori tabii az du izotop – 10V (19%) va 11V (81%) iborat ast. Bor 3*10-4  darsadi massai qishri zaminro tashkil medihad. Moddai …

BOR Nile Henrik David (7.10.1885, Kopengagen, Da­niya – 18.11.1962, hamon jo), fizik-nazariyapardoz va khodimi jamiyatii daniyagi, yake az asosguzoroni fizikam muosir. Khatmkardai Universiteti Kopengagen (1908). Solhoi 1911-12 dar Kembrij bo J. J. Tomson va dar Manchester bo E. Rezerford kor kardaast. Professori Universiteti Kopenga­gen (1916). Bor hamchun asosguzori nazariyai kvantii …