Ilm

BOTIYa (arabi jom, qadahi buzurg, lotini crater, rusi chasha), burji nimkurai janubii osmon, ki masohati 282,4 gradusi murabbaro faro girifta, 20 sitorai ba chashm namoyon dorad va dar osmoni sitorazor khub mushohida meshavad. Sito­rai munirtarinash a Crt buda, buzurgii sitoraviash 3,57m ast. Botiya az qadim malum buda, dar bisyor fehristhoi …

BOTE Valter Vilhelm Georg (8.1.1891, Oranienburg – 8.2.1957, Haydelberg), fiziki olmoni. Khatmkardai kurshoi tayyorii maktabi muqarrari dar Berlin (1908) va Universiteti Berlin (1913). Dar maktabi olii kishovarzii Ber­lin dars guftaast. Sipas, dar muassisai fizikavu tekhnikii imperiyavi ba haysi kormandi ilmii yorirason va dar laboratoriyai radioi, ki H. Geyger asos guzoshta …

BOTKIN Sergey Petrovich (17.9.1832, Maskav – 24. 12.1889, Mentonai Faronsa), dukhtur-terapevti rus, asosguzori jarayoni fiziologi dar tibbi klinikb. Soli 1855 fakultai tibbii Universiteti Maskavro khatm namuda­ast; az 1861 professori klinikai muolijavii Akademiyai tib­bii jarrohii Peterburg. Botkin yake az asosguzoroni tibbi ilmii klinikavi meboshad. Avvalin bor dar Russiya la­boratoriyai tajribaviro, ki …

BORUT, omekhtai sakhti tarkanda, ki zud dargirifta, garmi va mahsuli gazshakli ziyod khorij mekunad. Borut qabat ba qabat sukhta, garmii hosilshudaro niz az qabat ba qabat meguzaronad. Surati alanga ba tarkibi Borut, harorati avvala va fishor vobasta ast. Borut du guna meshavad: bedud (Boruti piroksilini, korditho va ballistitho) va omekhta …

BOSVORT Klifford Edmund. (Bosworth Cliffort Edmunt) (tavallud soli 1928, Shiffeld, Angliya), professor, uzvi Akademiyai Britaniya. Bakhshi sharqshinosii Kolleji shahri Oksfordro khatm kar­da, zabonhoi arabi, forsi va turkiro omukhtaast. Doktori ilmhoi tarikh (1956). Bosvort dar donishgohhoi Sent-Endryus (Shot­landiya), Toronto (Kanada), Manchester (Angliya), Uels, Harvard (IMA) tadris namudaast. Samti faoliyati ilmii Bosvort …

BOSTONGUHAR, Bobomulloev Saidmurod (tavallud 10.9. 1960, dehai Vorui nohiyai Panjakent), bostonshinos va muarrikh. Doktori ilmhoi tarikh (2010). Badi khatmi maktab (1977) dar zavodi konservi shahri Panjakent (1977-79) kor karda, solhoi 1979-81 dar safi quvvahoi musallahi Ittihodi Shuravi khidmat kardaast. Badi khatmi fakultai tarikhi Universiteti davlatii Tojikiston (holo Donishgohi millii Tojikiston) …

BOSIRA, binoi, quvvai binish, yake az hisshoi panjgona; qobiliyati darki andoza, shakl va rangi ashyo, joygiri va masofai bayni onho. Chashmi inson faqat mavjhoi nuri daroziashon taqriban az 390 to 760 nm-ro dark mekunad. Binobar in, odam nurhoi daroziashon kam (ul- trabunafsh) yo ziyod (infrasurkh)-ro dida nametavonad. Nuri rushnoii ashyo …

BORSERKUNI, ravandi korkardi kimiyoiyu harorati, ser gardondani sathi filizzu khulaho bo unsuri bor va dar vaqti garmkuni va dar muhiti faoli kimiyoi nigoh donshtan. Borserkuniro bo maqsadi ziyod namudani sakhti, garmitobovari va ba khurdashavi tobovar shudan meguzaronand. Borserkuni inchunin ba zangzani tobovar shudani khulahoi ohani dar muhithoi gunoguni faol va …

BORONKhOHI, istisqo, istimtor, marosimi talab kardani nuzuli boron dar mavridhoi niyozi sakht ba on. Parastishi khudoi boron va etiqod ba furud ovardani boron asnoi takhiri on miyoni qavmhovu dinhoi gu­nogun az ahdi boston roij budaast. Masalan, dar «Vandidod» Ahuramazdo vada medihad, ki ba zamin boron biboronad, to baroi mardumi imondor …

BORI AMONAT amonati rabboni, amo­nati rububiyat, istedodi fitri va khudodod, ki odami ba tufayli on ba martabai balandi kamolot, az jumla shinokht va dustii Khudovand rasad. Manbai Bori amonat «oyati amonat» (Quron: 33:72) ba shumor meravad: «Mo in amonatro bar osmonho va zamin va kuhho arza doshtem, pas az bardoshti …