Ilm

MUShKI ZAMIN (Cyperus), yak jinsi rastanikhoi alafii bisyorsola, bazan du yo yaksolaro guyand, ki ba oilai geshaiho mansub ast. Guli dujinsa, khushaguli murakkabi soyabonshakl, chormagzaki seqirra dorad. Qarib 500 namudash asosan dar mintaqahoi tropiki, subtropiki va ba-zan mutadil meruyad. Dar Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti SSSR 14 va dar Tojikiston 7 …

MUShMULA, 1) Mashmulai m u q a r r a r i yo germani, azgul (Mes-pilus germanica), butta yo darakhti khazonrezest az oilai nastaraniho. Balandiash 1,5—6 metr. Buttai khudrui Mushmula serkhor, navhoi mazrui on bekhorand; bargi neshtar yo bayzashakl, guli kaloni safed (diametrash 3—5santimetr),mevai girdai donakshakl dorad. Mushmulai khudruy dar …

MUShAKHO, muskulaho, yak navi boftaest, ki organizm va uzvhoi alohidai onro ba harakat meovarad. Mushakho rakh-rakh va sufta meshavand. Ba Mushakhoi r a kh-r a kh qarib hamai Mushakhoi ustukhonhoi skelet mansuband. Onho harakati badan, kori dastu poy va sutunmuhra, khoidanu furu burdani khurok va gayraro tamin menamoyand. Mushakhoi rakh-rakh …

MUShK moddai buyoest, ki dar hayvon va rastani hosil meshavad. Mushk khosiyati balandi atri, inchunin tasiri shifoi dorad. Mushki hayvon, moddai donador yo ravganmonandest, ki gadudhoi mushki jinsi narinai baze hayvonhoi shirkhor (kabarga yo gazol, ohu, govmesh, mushobi, sagobi va gayra) judo mekunad. Rangash bur va bui khosi tez dorad. …

MUShKETOV Ivan Vasilevich (21. 1. 1850, st. Alekseevskaya, viloyati Volgogradi hozira — 23.1.1902, Peterburg) , geolog va geografi rus. Soli 1872 Instituti kuhkorii Peterburgro khatm kardaast; az 1877 professori hamin institut. Solhoi 1882—97 geologi kaloni Komiteti geologiya. Dar Urali Ja-nubi korhoi tadqiqoti burda, se minerali dar Rossiya nomalumro kashf kard …

MUKhTOROV Ahror (tavallud 5.11.1924, shahri Uroteppa), muarrikhi sovetii tojik, doktori ilmhoi tarikh (1971). Azo-korrespondent Akademiyai Fanhoi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston  (1978). Azoi Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS az soli 1952. Badi khatmi maktabi miyona solhoi 1939—41 avval donishchui fakulteti korgari, bad instituti muallimii Dushanbe. Solhoi 1941—42 muallimi maktabi miyona, 1942—47 …

MUFORIQOT, muforaqot (arabi jami cJjli» — judoi az hamdigar), dar falsafai asrimiyonagii Sharq javohiri aqli va nafsiro guyand, ki az modda judo buda, darajahoi gunogun dorad. Mohiyati ashyo, ki daryoftai aql ast, ba Muforiqot dokhil meshavad. Nafsi notiqai insoniro Muforiqoti sifliya va aqlhoi falakiro Muforiqoti ulviya guftaand. Lafzhoi kulliro niz …

MUFRADOT (arabi – jami— yakka, tanho), usuli talimi khat dar maktabhoi torevolyutsioni. Mufradot—navishti alohidai hurufoti arabi, makhsusan nastaliq va naskh dar vaqti mashq. Az rui qoidai makhsus harfhoro bo nuqta chop mekunand. Har harf siyohmashq dorad. Harfhoro ba rui kogaz navishta, bad siyoh mekunand. Muvofiqan ba talimi khatti nastaliq (rasmulkhat) …

MUKhTASARI «VIQOYa» kitobi darsii madrasahoi asrhoi miyona. Dar asri 11 faqehi Osiyoi Miyona Burhonuddin Ali ibni Abubakr ibni Abduljalili Fargoni (vafot 1197) dar borai muhimtarin qonunu qoidahoi mazhabi hanafii dini islom dar asosi asarhoi Quduri (vafot 1037) «Mukhtasar» va Shayboni (vafot 804) «Al-jome-us-sagir» bo nomi «Hidoyat» (roh ba sui haqiqat) …

MUFTII BUKhOROI Abuabdulloh Muhammad ibni Ismoil (810, Bukhoro — 870, nazdikii Samarqand), faqeh va ilohiyotshinosi tojik, avvalin jome va tanzimkunandai hadisho, musannifi majmuai «Al-jome-us-saheh* («As-saheh»). Dar javoniash ba Makka safar karda, ba jamovarii hadisho mashgul shud, bad bo maqsadi jam ovardani hadisho ba mamlakathoi arab, Eron va Osiyoi Miyona safar …