Ilm

MUBODILAI MODDAHO metabolizm, tartibi muntazami tabadduloti moddaho va energiyaro guyand, ki mavjudiyat va az nav barqaror shudani tabiati zindaro tamin menamoyad. Mubodilai moddaho nishonai muhimtarin va hatmii hayot ast. Vay inchunin majmui hamai reaksiyahoi khimiyavi dar organizm meboshad. Ba aqidai F. Engels khususiyati muhimtarini hayot mubodilai muntazami moddaho bo muhiti …

MUBODILA (ar. badal kardan, ivaz namudan) dar iqtisodiyot, dodu girifti nemathoi moddi, ki dar asosi faoliyati tarafayni odamon ba vuqu meoyad. Mubodila boisi taqsimoti jamiyatii mehnat gardida, dar istehsolot Mubodilai faoliyatiro (ivazi tajriba, donish, komyobihoi istehsoliyu tekhniki va g.) dar bayni istekhsolkunandagoni alohida boshad, Mubodilai moliro ba vujud meovarad. Mubodilai …

MUBODILAI IONI, mubodilai ionhoro dar mahluli elektrolitho guyand. Mubodilai ioni du khel meshavad: yakjinsa (gomogeni) va gunogunjinsa (geterogeni). Mubodilai ionii yakjinsa dar mahluli elektrolitho ba vujud meoyad. Hangomi omekhtani mahlulhoi serobi elektrolitho mas., NaCl pa KN03l dar omekhta nonhoi Na+, K+, N03— va S1- vujud dorand. Dar in bobat holati …

MUAYYaNKUNANDA, on azoi payravi jumla, ki az jihati grammatiki ba hissahoi nomii nutq tobe buda, alomat, sifat, khususiyat, munosibat va sohibiyatro mefahmonad. Muayyankunanda be muayyanshavanda vujud nadorad, az in ru, bazan onro azoi payravi nomustaqil menomand. Muayyankunanda az rui ifodai mano, mavqe va vositai aloqa bo muayyanshavanda ba du guruhi …

MUAYYaNKUNANDAI FUNKSIONALI, muayyankunandaest, ki elementhoyash funksiyai yak yo bisyortargyiryobanda meboshand. Vronskian (mafhume dar nazariyai muodilahoi differensialii khattii tartibi oli), gessian (mafhume dar nazariyai khathoi kanialgeordi) va yakobian (mafhume dar nazariyai muodilahoi integrali) az muhimtarin Muayyankunandai funksionali ba hisob meravand. fosilai Muayyankunandai funksionalii tartibi l-um D(x) – K*kh(kh) | ba summai …

MOHI SINODI (az yun. synodos— qiron, nazdikshavi), fosilai vaqtest bayni du fazai yakkhelai paydarpai Moh (mas., az hilol to hilol). Mohi sinodi asosi solshumorii qamari gardid, ki on dar zamonhoi qadim az zarurati ba hisob giriftani fosilahoi kaloni vaqt paydo shuda bud va dar on mohho bonavbat 29 va 30 …

MOHIKhURAK (Phalacrocorax), yak jinsi parrandahoi obiro guyand, ki ba oilai Steganopodcs mansub ast. Darozii tanash 55 —92 sm. Bolu parash siyoh. Qarib 30 namudi Mohikhurak dar Evropa, Amerikai Shimoli, Osiyo, Afrika, Avstraliya va Zelandiyai Nav pahn shudaast. Dar SSSR va dar Tojikiston 2 namudi Mohikhurak: Mohikhuraki kalon (Ph. carbo; nig. …

MOHI SIDERI (az lot. sidus — sitora, jirmi osmoni), mohi sitoragi, fosilai vaqtest, ki dar davomi on Moh atrofi Zaminro az rui madori geoseitri nisbat ba yagon sitorai kurai osmon yak marotiba davr zada mebaroyad. Harakati Mohro dar kurai osmon mushohida namuda, dar davomi yak shaboruz nisbat ba sitoraho ba …

MOGAP, mohar (Setaria italica ssp. mocharium), giyohi yaksolai khushador. Balandiash to 150 sm; poyai rost; bargi kalon (dar har poya 5— 16-to), khushaguli tugshakl («sulton») va doni maydai zard yo siyoh dorad. Asosan chun ziroati khuroki chorvo mekorand. Mogarro hanuz 2700 sol to m. dar Osiyoi Janubiyu Sharqi kisht mekardand. …

MOShINI TALIMDIHANDA, olatest, ki skhemai muayyani talimi programmaviro amali megardonad. Bo yorii Moshini talimdihanda talabaho dalelhoro (formulahoi matematiki, qoidahoi navisht, prrinsiphoi halli problema va g.) az khud mekunand va malakahoi amali ba dast meorand. Moshini talimdihanda yake az vositahoi tekhnikii talim ba hisob meravad.