Ilm

MENDELEEV Dmitriy Ivanovich (8. 2. 1834, Tobolsk —2. 2. 1907, Peterburg), khimiki rus, koshifi qonuni davrii elementhoi khimiyavi, olim, pedagog va khodimi jamiyati. Soli 1855 shubai tabiatshinosii Instituti pedagogii Peterburgro khatm kardaast. Soli 1856 dar Universiteti Peterburg diss. magistri himoya namuda, solhoi 1857 —58 dar khudi hamin jo az khimiyai …

MENDELIZM, talimotest dar borai qonuniyatn irsiyat, ki ba ilmi genetika asos guzoshtaast. Paydoishi Mendilizmro ba tasdiq gardidani (1900) tadqiqothoi G. Mendel dar borai qonuniyati az yak nasl ba nasli digar guzashtani alomathoi irsi vobasta mekunand. To Mendel (a.18) niz navhoi navi nabototi duragaro ba vujud ovarda, dar irsiyat mavjud budani …

MENDEL (Mendel) Gregor Iogann (22. 7. 1822, Kheynsendorf, Avstriya — Vengriya, hozira Ginchise, Chekhoslovakiya — 6. apreli 1884, Bryunn, Avstriya—Vengriya, hozira Brno, Chekhoslovakiya), asosguzori talimot dar borai irsiyat, ki ba sharafi u idelizm nom idi shudaast, Soli 1843 shubai falsafai Universiteti Olmonro khatm kardaast. Az soli 1849 dar maktabi miyona …

MELE (Mealier) Jan (iyuni 1664, Mazerni — bayni 28. 6. va 6. 7. 1729, Etrepini), faylasufi materialist, ateist, kommunisti khayolii fransavi. Pisari bofandai dehoti. Bo khosti padaru modarash ruhonii deha shud (az 1689). Yagona asarash «Vasiyat» (bori avv. purra s. 1864 dar Amsterdam chop shud)-ro chande pesh az vafotash navishta …

MELYONTEV Lev Aleksandrovich (tavallud 22. 12. 1908, Peterburg), olimi soveti dar sohai energetika, akad. AF SSSR (1966; azo-yuorr. 1960). Qahramoni Mehnati Sosialisti (1969). Azoi KPSS az soli 1947. Pas az khatmi In­stituti politekhnikii Leningrad (1930) dar korhoi injeneri va muallimi (solhoi 1945—60 mudiri kafedra, 1945—51 muovini direktori Instituti injeieri-iqtisodii Leningrad) …

MELAMIN, 1, 3, 5 — triamino — 2, 4, 6 — triazin, yak nav kristalli berang, t jush. 354° S; dar aksari halkunandahoi organiki va obi khunuk hal nameshavad. Mek­sikaro az disiandiamid (NH*—C*N)8 dar haror. 180—500e S va fishori 4—20 Mn/m* (40—200 kgs/sm*) hosil mekunand. Mek­sika dar istehsoli qatroni melaminu …

MELANINO (az yun. melas, melanos — siyoh), pigmenthoi kalon mo­lekulai qahvarang va siyoh (eumelalinho) yo zardi (feomelaninho) halnashavanda. Dar organizmi rastaniho va hayvonho vasa pahn shudaand; rangi badan (mr, par, pulakcha va g.)-i hayvonhoi muhrador, kutikulai hasharot, pusti ba­ze mevaho va g-ro muayyan mokunand. Hangomi oksidshavii Melanino tirozinaza hosil meshavad. …

MEYNAR (Meinar) Barbyo de (1827, Marsel— 1908, Parij), sharqshinosi fransavi, azoi Aka­demiyai Fransiya (1878). Dar Makta­bi zabonhoi sharqi muallimi zabo­ni turki bud. Az soli 1878 to 1885 dar Kollej de Frans (Kolleji Fran­siya) az zaboni forsi va arabi dars guftaast. Meynar roje ba zabon va adabiyoti mamlakathoi Sharq, khususan adabiyoti …

MEKSIKA (Mejico, Mexico), Shtathoi Muttahidai Mek­sika (Estados Unidos Mexicands), davlat dar janubu garbi Amerikai Shimoli. Az Shim. bo ShMA, az J- Sh. bo Gvatemala va Beliz hamsarhad ast. Onro dar Garb va Janubi uqyonusi Orom, dar Sh. uqyonusi Atlantik ihota kardaast. Masohatash 1958,2 hazor km3. Aholiash 70 mln nafar (1980). …

MEZONHO, yak nav zarrahoi elementarii noustuvorand az sinfi adronho (zarrahoi elementarie, ki dar tasiri mutaqobilai zur ishtirok mekunand). Nomi «Mezonho» (yun mesos — mobayni) az hamin barmeoyad, ki massai avvalin Mezonhoi kashfshuda — l-mezon va k-mezon — qimathoi mobaynii massai proton va elektronro doshta nd. Mezonhoe, ki avval s-mezonho nom …