Madaniyat va Sanat

BOUTS (Bouts) Dirk (taqriban 1415 – 6.5.1475), rassomi niderlandi. Asari maruftarinash – Mehrobi kalisoi Pyotri Muqaddas dar Lyoven meboshad. Bouts ananai Rogir van der Vaydenro inkishof dod, lekin simohoi ofaridai Bouts purmazmunu orom buda, zudharakat nestand va qiyofai muassir dorand. Hamasroni Bouts uro hamchun rassomi mohiri manzarahoi tabiat meshinokhtand. Ba …

BOFILL (Bofill) Rikardo (tavallud 5.12.1939), me­mori ispaniyagi. Yake az asosguzoroni «Ustokhonai memori»-i Barselona («Taller de Arguitectura»), ki solhoi 1960-63 tashkil shuda, yake az markazhoi memorii post­modernizm gardid. Imorathoi sokhtai Bofill-vohidhoi maskunii Ksanadu dar Kalp va mehmonhonai «El Kastello» dar Sitkhes (1969-75), zavodi sement dar Barselona, 1970- 78), «Silsilatoqi kulho» dar …

BOTTIChELLI Sandro (aslan Alessandro Filippepi) (1444, Florensiya-1510, hamon jo), rassomi itoliyoii davroni Ehyo. Darsi mahoratro az rassomi mashhur Filipo Lippi omukhtaast. Beshtar ba manzaranigori va port­ret tavajjukh dosht, harchand domanai ejodash nihoyat farokh ast. Az asotir va adabiyoti atiqa bo mahorati baland istifoda burdaast. Musavvarahoyash bo bandu bast va muvozinati …

BOTIN (arabi — darun, pinhon, roz), istilohest dar farhangi islomi roje ba doroi manoi nuhufta va asli budani ashyovu mavjudot. Roje ba Botin dar tasavvuf nazari­yai makhsus vujud dorad. Orifon Botinro kheshtani kheshi odami va jahonu inson va hama ashyovu padidahoro doroi zohiru Botin donista, mutaqid ba olami zohir va …

BOTINIYa (darun, nihon), majmui firqahoi ismoiliya, ki bar khilofi talimoti zohiriya manoi bo­tinii Quronro tavil mekunad. Inson mavjudest ibo­rat az ruhu modda va taban zindagiash niz boyad bar aso­si dujoniba – moddi (hayoti moddiyu dunyavi) va manavi (hayoti manavi va jovidoni) tanzim gardad. Dar hamin asos botiniyon iddao doshtand, ki …

BOTINI shoiri tojik (asri 15). Dar zodgohash – shahri Balkh tahsil kardaast. Pas az kasbi kamol ba khidmati Alisheri Navoi roh yoft. Bo niyati haj ba safar baromada, pas az adoi farizai mazkur chun darveshon dar kishvarhoi gunoguni Sharq ruz meguzarond. Alisheri Navoi az u mukhtasaran yod karda, yak baytashro …

BOTEV Khristo (takhallus; nomu nasabash Khristo Botev Petkov; 6.1.1849, dehai Kaloferi Bulgoriya (Imperi­yai usmoni) – 1.6.1876 maqtul dar jangi nazdi kuhi Vratsa), shoir, inqilobgar va qahramoni millii Bulgoriya. To soli 1863 dar zodgohash Kolfer tahsil namud. Tiramohi soli 1863 dar gimnaziyai Odessa tahsilro idoma do­daast. Soli 1866 az sababi payvastan …

BOTIL (arabi nodurust, durug, behuda), istilohest dar farhangi islomi, ki dar muqobili haq qaror doshta, baroi ifodai padidavu ashyo va umuru amalhoi nodurustu manfi va noshoistavu nomaqbul, inchunin raddu inkori onho ba kor burda meshavad. Botil va hamreshahoi on 35 bor dar Quron (25 bor Botil, 5 bor «mubtilun», 2 …

BORShAGOVSKIY Aleksandr Mikhaylovich (14.10.1913, nohiyai Belaya Serkovi Ukraina – 4.5.2006, Maskav), shoir, adabiyotshinosi rus. Khatmkardai Instituti teatrshinosii Kiev (1935). Faoliyati adabiash az soli 1933 ogoz yoftaast. Nakhustin asari badeii mansurash (romani tarikhii «Parchami Russiya») soli 1953 ba tab rasid. Badan romanu povestho, osori adabiyotshinosi dar mavzuhoi davrai shuravi nigoshtaast. Muallifi …

BOSIT, al-Bosit (gustaranda va pahnkunanda), yake az nomhoi Khudovand. Dar farhangi istilohoti shari Bosit hamroh bo kalimai Qobiz yakcho baroi ifodai qabzu bast, kashishu kushoish va bakhshishu mahrumiyat dar hama chizi moddi va manavi ba kor raftaast. Korbasti in mano az sui Quroni karim dar sifoti Khudovand tamomi pahnoi zindagonii …