Jugrofia

MELANEZIYa (az yun. Melas-siyoh va nesos — jazira), yake az guruhhoi asosii jazirahoest dar uq. yonusiya, dar qismi janubu garbii uqyonusi Orom. Az ekvator ba sui J. sh. taqriban 5000 km tul kashidaast. Jaz-hoi ka­lon va guruhhoi asosi: Gvineyai Nav, galajaz. Bismark, jaz-hoi So­lomon (Sulaymon), jaz-hoi Gebridya Nav, Kaledoniyai Nav, …

MOH, Qamar, yagona radifi tabiii Zamin va nazdiktarin jirmi osmoni. Alomati astronomiash G ,Dar «Kitob-ut-tafhim»-i Aburayhoni Beruni. Qonuniyathoi harakati Moh az zamonhoi qadim in jonib omukhta meshavand. Az ahdi Ptolemey (Batlimus) cap karda dar in bob chandin nazariyoti matematikii astronomi tashakkul yoftaand. Az jumla dar tamadduni Ajam az tarafi Nasiruddini …

MOHANDARYO, manjron khushkidai daryoest dar viloyati Bukhoro, ki dar atrofi on yodgorihoi arkheologi yoft shudaand. Daroziash 58 km, barash 25—250 m. Dar davrahoi qadim obi on az dehai Yakkatut ibtido girifta: ba d. Amu jori meshudaast. Solhoi 1950—64 dar Mohandaryo ekspedisiyai arkheologi tahti rohbarii akademik AF RSS Uzbeksiton Ya. G. …

MOHANJODARO (ba sindhi — teppai murdaho), dimnai yake az markazhoi tamadduni Kharappa. Soli 1922 arkheologi hind R. Banerchi kashf namud. Solhoi minbada J. Marshall, E. Mamkey, R. Uiller tadqiq namudaand. Dar asosi omuzishi Mohanjodaro davrahoi asosii tamadduni Kharappa va khususiyathoi on muayyan karda shud.

MOGIYON, daryoest dar payoni Panjakenti viloyati Leninobod, shokhobi chapi d. Zarafshon. Az Janub ba Shimol ba masofai 67 km tul kashidaast. Maydoni havzaash 1100 km2. Mogiyon az nishebihoi shimolii qatorkuhi Hisor cap shuda, qatorkuhi Zarafshon va mintaqai vasei adirhoro burida meguzarad. Az rezishgoh 22 km bolotar ba on az tarafi …

MOSKVIN, piryakhest dar qismi sharqii qatorkuhi Pyotri Yakum (Pomiri Shimolu Garbi). Dar kanori rosti piryakhi Fortambek, bayni qullahoi Kommunizm va B. Korjenevskaya voqe ast. Tulash 6,6 km, masohati 46,9 km2. Piryakh az du shokha — piryakhhoi Valter va Traube iborat ast. Ba in jo bori avval soli 1932 ishtirokchiyoni ekspedisiyai …

MONTEVIDEO (Montevideo), poytakhti Urugvay va markazi mamurii departamenti Montevideo. Dar sorili chapi khal. La-Platai uqyonusi Atlantik voqe ast. Iqlimash subtropiki; hapopati miyonai yanvar 23° S, iyul 10° S. Borishoti solona 1000 mm. Masohatash 540 km2. Aholiash 1,3 mln nafar (1980). Bandari asosii bahrii mamlakat. Aerodromash (Karrasko) ahamiyati baynalkhalqi dorad. Montevideo …

MONTERREY (Monterrey),shahrest dar shimolu sharqi Meksika, dar vodii Santa-Katarina. Markazi mamurii sht. Nuzvo-Leon. Markazi muhimi sanoatu naqliyot va moliyai mamlakat. Uzeli kalontarini rohi ohan (badi Mekhiko). Aholiash 1,1 mln nafar (1976). Sanoati metallurgiyai siyoh va ranga, khimiya, elektrotekhnika, korkardi metall, khurokvori (makhsusan pivopazi) taraqqi kardaast. Korkhonahoi bofandagi, sement, pakhtatozakuni, shisha …

MOONZUND, galajazirai qismi garbii Estoniya, yak guruh jazirahoi bahri Baltika dar nazdi sohilhoi RSS Est. Az chor jazirai kalon (Saaremaa, Khiyumaa, Mukhu, Vormsi) va beshtar az 500 jazirai khurd iborat ast. Masohatash 4000 km*. Sathash asosan hamvor. Balandiash to 54 m. Iqlimash garmi mutadil, zimiston narm (harorati miyonai yanvar —4°S), …

MONTAN-PELE (Montagne Rele), vulqoni amalkunandaest dar jazirai Martinika, dar Vest-Indiya. Balandiash 1397 m. On bo otashfishonii halokatovari soli 1902 mashhur ast. Hangomi otashfishon yo gubori galizu tafsone, ki az khokistar va gululayu sangporahoi vulqani iborat bud, sh. Sen-Per va 20 hazor aholii onro nobud kard. Otashfishonihoi nisbatan susti on solhoi …