MELANEZIYa

MELANEZIYa (az yun. Melas-siyoh va nesos — jazira), yake az guruhhoi asosii jazirahoest dar uq. yonusiya, dar qismi janubu garbii uqyonusi Orom. Az ekvator ba sui J. sh. taqriban 5000 km tul kashidaast. Jaz-hoi ka­lon va guruhhoi asosi: Gvineyai Nav, galajaz. Bismark, jaz-hoi So­lomon (Sulaymon), jaz-hoi Gebridya Nav, Kaledoniyai Nav, Fichi. jazhoi Fichi davlati mustaqil ast (az 1970); qismi garbii Gvineyai Nav (Iriani Garbi) dar hayati Indo­neziya; Papua-Gvineyai Nav az dek. 1973 huquqi khudidorakuniro girift va jaz-hoi boqimonda mulkhoi Bri­taniyai Kabir, Fransiya va Avstra­liya meboshand. Masohati umumii jaz-ho 956,3 haz. km². Aholiash 3,1 mln naf. (1974), asosan papuasho va melaneziho. Paydoishi jazirahoi Melaneziya materiki va vulqoni. Az jinshoi kristalli, metamorfi va tanshim tarkib yoftaand. Relefi jaziraho beshtar kuhist. Qullai balandtarin (5029 m) dar jaz. Gvineyai Nav vo­qe ast. Dar in jo vulqonhoi amalkunanda bisyorand va zud-zud zilzilaho ruy medihand. Sohilhoi jazirahoro rifho ihota namudaand. Iqlim dar Shimoli ekvatori va subenkvatori, miqdori borishoti solona 7000—9000 mm; dar j— tropiki, borishoti solona 1000—2000 mm. Hapopati miyonai mohona az 25° to 28° S Daryoho bisyorand. Dar beshahoi sernami tropiki darakhtoni purqimat meruyand (darakhtoni non, kharbuza, sandal, nakhl va kauchuk). Dar jazirahoi markazi va janubi beshahoi mussohi va savannaho mavjudand. Olami hayvonotash ba olmi hayvonoti Avstraliya monand ast (shirkhoroni sumdor, kaeuarno, proekhidva, sagi parron, az parrandaho lira va g.). Aholi baroi istemoli khud juvorimakka, sholi, yams, maniok, ba­tat, baroi eksport norjil, qahva, kakao, nayshakar va kauchuk parvarish mekunad. Sokinoni Melaneziya bo chorvodori, monigiri, chubtaiyorkuni, jam ovardani marjon, sadaf niz mashguland. Az sarvathoi zerizamini dar Kaledoniyai Nav nikeya, kobalt, khrom, dar jaz-hoi Gebridi Nav madani mangan, dar Gvineyai Nav, jazirahoi Solomon, Fiji tillo istehsol karda meshavad.

Ad.: Govorov K. A. Okeaniya 1971.