Jugrofia

MADURA (Madura), jaziraest dar galajazirai Malay, dar nazdikii sohilhoi shimolu Sharqii Yava. Tobei Indoneziya. Masohatash qarib 4,5 hazor km2. Relsfash beshtar teppador (balandiash to 471 m). Jazira asosan az mergelho va ohaksangho tarkib yoftaast. Iqlimi Madura subekvatori, mussoni. Beshahoi tropikii bargrez. buttazoru savainaho mavjudand. Sholi, juvorimakka, tamoku va manioka meparvarand. …

MIKRONEZIYa (az mikro… va yun. nesos — jazira), guruhi jazirahoi khurd dar Uqyonusiya, dar qismi garbii uqyonusi Orom, asosan dar shim. ekvator. Ba in guruh jazirahoi Mariana, jazirahoi Karolina va jazirahoi Mar­shall (vasoyati ShMA), jazirahoi Gil­bert va jaz. Oshen (inho mulki Britaniyai Kabirand), Nauru (davlati mustaqil az 1968) va g. …

MIKRONEZIHO, aholii aslii Mikroneziya. Shumoraashon ziyoda az 200 hazor nafar (1973). Gayr az in, taqriban 4 hazor Mikroneziho dar Melaneziya zindagoni mekunand. Tipi antropolo­gii Mikroneziho dar natijai omezishi melapeziho, polineziho va indoneziho tashakkul yoftaast. Ba zabonhoi guruhi malay-polinezi gap mezanand. Masehiyat (beshtar mazhabi protestanti) bo dinhoi qadimii mahal­li omezish yoftaast. …

METAGALAKTIKA (az meta… va Galaktika), majmui hamai sistemahoi sitoragiest, ki yak qismi on majmui tamomi galaktikahoi bo teleskophoi hozirazamoni optiki, rentgeni va radioteleskopho mushohidashudaro (taqr. 1 mlrd) faro megirad Bazan mafhumi Metagalaktikaro bo mafhumi Konnot ayniyat medonand, harchand ki vujud doshtani Metagalaktikakhoi digar az ehtimol dur nest. Metagalaktikaho, radiogalaktikaho, kvazarho …

MERIDIANI ZAMIN (az lot. meridianus— nisfiruzi), doirai kaloni kurai Zaminro guyand, ki tasavvuran az dar du qutb meguzarad. Meridianro dar sathi Zamni ba miqdori ziyod guzaronidan mumkin ast, vale odatan 360-toi onro asosi meshumorand. Meridiani Zamin qismi tarkibii shabakai koordinatahoi geografi meboshad. Meridiani avvalin (yo sifri), ki az boloi rasadkhonai …

MENAM, pastie dar nimjaz. Hindukhitoy, dar Tayland. Dar joi pastkhamii tektonikii bayni qismi markazii kuhhoi Hindukhitoy va pushtakuhi Korat voqe gashtaast. Tulash qarib 500 km, barash to 200 km, masohati Menam qarib 100 hazor km2. Pasti asosan az jinshoi obovardi d. Menam-Chao-Praya va shokhobhoi on Ping, Pasak tarkib yoftaast. Relefash …

MENAM-ChAO-PRAYa, Menam, daryoest dar nimjaz. Hindukhitoy, Dar Tailand. Tulash qarib 1200 km (az sargahi shokhobi kalontarinash— Ping qarib 1500 km). Masohati havzaash 150 hazor km2. Az nishebihoi qatorakuhi Kkhuntkhan ogoz yofta, bad az guzashtani pastii Menam ba khal. Siami b. Janubi Khitoy merezad. Manbaash boronhoi mussoni. Az may to noyab. …

MELBURN (Melbourne), shahrest dar Avstraliya, markazi mamurii sht. Viktoriya. Dar sohili khal. Port-Fillip, dar rezishgohi d. Yarra voqe ast. Pas az Sidney duyumin shahri sernufusi mamlakat. Aholiash 2,7 mln naf. (bo atrofash, 1978). Uzeli rohi ohan va naqliyoti ha­voi; kalontarin bandari mamlakat. Ba vositai bandar ba khorija galladona, ord, gusht, …

MEMFIS (yun. Memphis, misrii Mennefer — az nomi makoni nazdi ahromi firavn Piopi I; nomi avvalaash — «Devorhoi safed»— az nomi qalae, ki shahr dar nazdi on bunyod shuda bud), shahri Misri Qadim. Dar avvali hazorai 3 to m. dar hududi Misri Bolo va Poyon dar sohili chapi Nil bunyod …

MELITOPOL, shahrest dar vil. Zaporojei RSSU, ki dar sohili Rosti d. Molochnaya, dar sari rohi kaloni moshingardi Moskva — Sim­feropol voqe gashtaast. Stansiyai rohi ohan. Aholiash 161 hazor nafar (1979). Sohai asosii sanoatash moshiisozi (zavodhoi dastgohu motorsozi, yakhdon, gidroagrogathoi traktor, moshinhoi sanoati khurokvori va g.). Sanoati khurokvori (kombinati gusht, zavodhoi …