Jugrofia

YuGOSLAVIYa, Respublikai Sosialistii Federativii Yugoslaviya, RSFYu (Socijalisticka Federativna Republika Jugoelavija), davlatest dar jan. Evropa. Qismi ziyodi on dar nim-jaz. Balkan. Az jan. garb bo b. Adriatika ihota shudaast. Masoh. 255,8 haz. km3. Aholiash 22,85 mln naf.. (1985); aholii shahri taqr. 67%. Poytakhtash sh. Belgrad. Davlati sermillat (serbho, khorvatho, slovenho, «musulmonho, …

EROZIYaI KhOK, eroziyai zamin, obshustashavii khok, az obu bod vayron shudani khokro guyand. Obshustashavii khok dar nishebihoe, ki obhoi boron yo barf jori meshavand, ba amal meoyad. E. kh. sathi (sathi khok nisbatan yak bel obshuy meshavad), ravon (obburdahoi na chandon chuqur ba amal meoyand va onhoro hangomi kishtu kori …

ERON, Jumhurii Islomii Eron, davlatest, dar Osiyoi Jan-Garbi. Az shim. bo SSSR, az garb bo Turkiyayu Iroq, az sharq bo Afgoniston va Pokiston hamsarhad ast. E.-ro az shim. b. Kaspiy, az janub khal-hoi Fors va Ummon ihota kardaand. Masoh. 1648 haz. km2. Aholiash 43,7 mln naf. (1985), aholii shahri 44% (1976). …

ESTONIYa, Respublikai Sovetii Sosialistii Estoniya (Eesti Niukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariyk), dar shim. garbi SSSR, dar sohili b. Baltika voqest. Tasisash 21 iyuli 1940. Masoh. 45,1 haz. km2. Aholiash 1542 haz. naf. (1986); estonho (948 haz. naf., 1979), rusho, ukrainho va g. Aholii shahri 71%. 15 rayon, 33 shahr va 24 ptsh …

EFIOPIYa, Efiopiyai Sosialisti, davlatest dar shim. sharqi Afrika. Masoh. 1,2 mln km2. Aholiash 42 mln naf. (1984), asosan khalqhoi amhor (qarib 40%-i aholi), galla (beshtar az 30 %). Aholii shahri 13% (1978). Zaboni rasmi — amhori. Aksari dindoron musulmonon va nasroniho meboshand. Poitakhtash sh. Addis-Abeba. Organi olii hokimiyat — Soveti …

EFFUZIYa (lot. effusio — rekhtan, jori shudan), prosessi ba rui Zamin jori shudani lava (magma)-ro guyand. Az shakh shudani lava jinshoi kuhii effuzivi ba vujud meoyand. E. yake az shaklhoi otashfishonii vulqon ast (nig. Vulqon). E.-ho, odatan, dar vaqti ba berun rekhtani shikastaporahoi khurd (khokistari vulqoni, peg yo tuf) yo …

EROZIYa (az lot. erosio — shusta shuda»), ba vositai obhoi ravon shusta shudani jinshoi kuhi va khokro guyand. E. satkhi, tuloni, pahlui va qari meshavad. Az E.-v sathi nishebiho bo obi barfu boron shusta shuda, nohamvorihoi relef Takhtu hamvor megardand. E.-i tuloni dar natijai bo obi selu daryoho shusta chuqur …

ABUSIMBAL – Shahr dar sohili garbii daryoi Nil, ki dar on dar davrai hukmronii Ramzesi II (1388 – 1322 to milod) du ibodatkhonai mashhuri Misri Qadim taroshida shudaast. Ibo­datkhonai kalon ba sharafi khudi shoh Ramzesi II, ibodatkhonai khurd ba sha­rafi zani yakumi u – malika Nofretari bino yoftaast. Dar Abusimbal haykalho …

EKBATANA, nomi qadimii yunonii sh. Hamadonro nomand, ki dar makhazhoi oshurii a. 11 to m. Amatama sabt yoftaast.

EKVADOR, respublikai Ekvador (Ekvador), (Rcpublica del Ecuador), davlatest dar shim. garbi Amerikai Janubi. Masoh. 283,6 haz. km2 (yakjoya bo hoziraho). Aholiash 9,3 mln naf. (1985); 40% hinduhoi amerikoi, 40% duragaho, 10% safedpustho va 10% zangiho. Zaboni rasmi — ispani. Dini hukmron — katoliki. Poytakhtash Kito. 20 muzofot dorad. Sardori davlat …