Yu (yu), harfi sivuduyumi alifboi hozrai tojikist; az alifboi rusi girifta shuda (1940), 1) dar mavqei bad az sadonok, bad az alomathoi sakta () va judoi (), inchunin kankahoi iqtibosi, ovozi u-i yotbarsar-yu (taboyun, humoyun, mayus, afyun, yurist va g.), 2) dar kalimahoi iqtnbosii digar bad az ovozi hamsadoi narm …
Mufassal »ERONShINOSI
ERONShINOSI majmui fanhoest, ki tarikh, iqtisodiyot, zabonu adabiyot, sanat, ilmu falsafa, afkori ijtimoiyu siyosi, dinu oin, urfu odat va umuman madaniyati moddiyu manavii khalqhoi eroninajodro meomuzad. E. hamchun ilm dar a. 19 tashakkul yoftaast. Ba paydoishi on inkishofi munosibathoi tijoratiyu diplomatii davlathoi Evropai Garbi bo Eron, Osiyoi Miyona va Hinduston …
Mufassal »ERSTED
ERSTED, vohidi shiddatnokii maydoni magnitiro dar Sistemai vohidhoi SGS nomand. Ba sharafi X. K. Ersted nomida shudaast; ishorai tojikiash E, baynalkhalqiash Oe.
Mufassal »EHTIMOLIYaT
EHTIMOLIYaT dar matematika, tavsifi adadii darajai imkonpazirii ruy dodani yagon hodisai muayyanro dar yagon sharoiti dodashuda guyand, ki beokhir takror shudanash mumkin ast. Qimati adadii E. dar baze mavridho az tarifi «klassikii» E. muayyan karda meshavad: E. barobar ast ba nisbati shumorai mavridhoi «qulay» bar shumorai tamomi mavridhoi «barobarimkon». Mas., …
Mufassal »ESTETIKA
ESTETIKA (az yun. aisthetikos — hissi, hiskunanda), yak sohai falsafaro guyand, ki qonunhoi umumii darki estetikii tabiat, jamiyat va faoliyati badeii odamonro meomuzad. Odamon zimni faolpyati mehnatiashon kategoriyayu qonunhoi estetikiro dark karda, tabiatu jamiyatro «muvofiqi qonunhoi zeboi digar mekunand. Kategoriyahoi E. umumi va makhsus meshavand. Kategoriyahoi umumii E. (husnu qubh, …
Mufassal »ETALON
ETALON (frans. etalon), meyor yo chenakest baroi tajdid, hifz va itiqoli vohidi yagon buzurgi. E.-e, ki baroi tamomi mamlakat ba sifati meyori asosi tasdiq shudaast, E.-i davlati nom dorad.
Mufassal »ETAN
ETAN, SNz — CHS, karbogidridi sergazi berangi suzanda; bebui, t gud. —183,270, t jush—88,641. Dar tarkibi gazhoi tabiin suzanda (az metan kamtar) va gazhoi hamrohi neft khorij meshuda mavjud buda hangomi taqtiri khushki angishsang korkardi neft hosil megardad. E.-ro dar sanoat az gazhoi tabii judo mekunand va baroi istehsoli etilen …
Mufassal »ETIKA
ETIKA (yun. ethika, az etos — rasm, khulq, khislat), khulqshinosi, yak fanni falsafiro guyand, ki masalahoi akhloqro meomuzad. Istilohi E.-ro bori avval Arastu (dar asarhoyash «Etikai Nikomakha», «Etikai buzurg» va g.) istifoda burda bud. Ravoqiyon falsafaro ba mantiq, fizika va E. taqsim karda, okhiriro ilm oid ba tabiati inson nomidand, …
Mufassal »ETILEN
ETILEN, eten, I2S = SN2, karbogidridi noser, uzvi yakumi qatori gomologii olefinho, gazi berang buda, bui susti efirro dorad; t gud. —169,5‘S, t dush.—103,8°S. zichiash 570 kg/m3; dar ob hal nameshavad, dar spirt bad, dar efir, aseton va g. hal meshavad. Baroi E. reaksiyai payvastkuni ba bandi duchandi karbonu karbon …
Mufassal »ETIMOLOGIYa
ETIMOLOGIYa (az yun. Etymon — manoi aslii kalima va …logiya), yak sohai zabonshinosi, ki tarikhi paydoishi kalimaho, sokhti mabdai, vajhi tasmiya va robitai manavii onhoro meomuzad. In istilohro faylasufoni davrai atiqa taqr. 2 haz. sol pesh jori namudaand. E. tavassutp metodi muqoisavi-tarikhi aloqahoi morfemaho va kalimahoro muayyan menamoyad. E.-i zabonhoi …
Mufassal »