Ilm

TRANS (az lotini trans — ba vositai, baroi) dar khimiya, sarchaspakest, ki besh az nomi izomerhoi geometrii payvasthoi organiki hamroh karda meshavad. Nigared niz Izomeriya,

TRANZITIVI (az lotini trasitivus — guzarish), yake az khosiyathoi nisbati mantiqii buzurgihoro guyand. Agar az nisbat a * b va b * s nisbat a*s baroyad, on goh nisbati a*b-ro Tranzitivi menomand. Masalan, nisbati barobari (a = b) tralzitivist, zero az a = b va b = s barobarii a …

TOJI OFTOB, pardai beruna va nisbatan vasepahnshudai Oftobro guyand. Hangomi girifti purrai Oftob Toji Oftob to masofahoi barobari chand diametri Oftob mushohida meshavad. Dar qismi kutohmavji ospektr ( 200Å) va radioafkanishoti mavjhoi metri hamai afkanishoti Oftob az Toji Oftob ibtido megirad. Nigared niz Oftob.

TOJIKIT, yak nav mineral; SaTR2TiV4Si4O20. Beshtar dar shakli oferolithoi andozaashon to 1,5 sm, pulakchaho va kristallhoi tuluki prizmamonand vomekhurad. Rangash surkhcha, jiloyash shishagun. Sakhtaash 6. Binobar dar tarkibash mavjud budani elementhoi nodirzamin va titan az minerali geylandit farq mekunvd. Tojikitro soli 1970 geologhoi tojik V. D. Dustmatov, A. F. Efimov, …

TORR, vohidi gayrisistemavii fishorro guyand, ki ba 1/760 hissai atmosfera, yane ba 101325 : 760 = 133,322 (N/m2 yo paskal) barobar meboshad. Ba sharafi E. Torrichelli nomidaand. Ishoratash torr, baynalkhalqiash Torr.

TORF (nemisi Togf), sarvati zerizaminii suzandaro guyand, ki dar botloqzor az pusishi nopurrai rastaniho ba vujud omadaast. Tarkibash 50—60% karbon dorad. Harorati suzishash (maks.) 24 MJ/kg. Torfro chun suaishvori, poru, masolehi izolyasiyai garmi va gayra istifoda mebarand.

TORFKhOK, torfzamiya, yaknav khoki botloqzaminro guyand, ki dar natijai bisyor budani borishot va tasiri obhoi zerizamini, noravon va sustjarayon tashakkul meyobad. Torfkhok dar joyhoe, ki nabototi makhsusi namiparvar meruyand, hosil meshavad.  

TONNA (az fransuzi tonne) vohidi asosii massa; barobari 1000 kg. Tonna dar zaboni rusi, tojiki va baybainalkhalqi ( qabul shudaast. Dar ShMA Tonnai daroz (1016,047 kg) va Tonnai kutohro (907, 185 kg) niv istifoda mebarand.

TOPAZ, mineralest az guruhi silikatho, Al2(Sio4) (G, ON)2. Kris- tallhoi prizmashakl (vaanashon to 60—80 kg) hosil mekunad. Rangi Topaz zard, sabz, kabud va gulobist; Topazi berang niz hast. Sakhtiash 8; zichiash 3400—3640 kg/m3. Kristallhoi shaffofi berang va khushrangi Topaz sangi qimatbahoyand. Jinshoi Topazdor (greyzenho)-ro chun masolehi otashtobovar istifoda mebarand. Dar …

TOPOLOGIYa (az yunoni toros —joy va …logiya), yak fasli matematikaro nomand, ki mafhumi muttasili — yake az muhimtarin mafhumhoi matematikaro meomuzad. Ba iborai digar, Topologiya mafhumi befosilagiro (ki masalan, dar mafhumi hudud ifoda meshavad) hamajihata tadqiq mekunad. Tipologiyai sathho mahdud nest va zimni in Topologiyai bisyorchena ba miyon omad. Topologiya …