Ilm

FEBA, yake az radifoni sayyorai Zuhalro guyand. Diametri Feba ba 300 km, masofaash az markazi sayyora to Oftob ba hisobi miyona ba 12950 hazor km barobar ast. Soli 1898 astronomi amorikoy U. Pikoripg kashf namudaast. Feba dar atrofi Zuhal davr mezanad, samti harakatash ba samti charkhzani dar girdi mehvarash muqobil …

FIZIKAI STATISTI, mekhanikai statisti, yak fasli fizika buda, khosiyathon jismhoi makroskopiro ba sifati sistemahoe tadqiq mekunad, ki az adadi kaloni zarrahoi yakkhela, molekulaho, atomho, elektronho iboratand. Az in jihat onro nazariyai mlkroskopi ham menomand. Fizikai statisti uslubhoi statistii tahqiqotro istifoda mebarad, ki ba nazariyai ehtimoliyatho takya mekunand. Fizikai statisti ba …

FIZIKA, (az yunoni phusis — tabiat), ilmest dar borai tabiat, ki khosiyathoi oddi va umdai olami moddiro meomuzad. Fizika asosan ilmi tajribavist, yane asosi qonunhoi onro dalelu burhonhoi tajribavi tashkil medihand. Dar in qonunho tanosubhoi miqdori dar shakli formulahoi matematiki ifoda yoftaand. Fizika du sohai az yak taraf mustaqil va …

FERMENTHO (az lotini fermentum — khamirturush, khamirmoya), enzimho, katalizatorhoi makhsusi safedaviero guyand, ki dar hamai hujayrahoi zinda mavjudand. Fermentho mubodilai moddahoro murattab va tanzim namuda, dar prosesshoi faoliyati hayoti roli muhim mebozand. Fermentho ba 2 guruh taqsim meshavand: yakkomponenta, ki faqat az safeda va dukomponenta, ki az safedayu qismi gayrisafedavi …

FASIYa (az lotini Fasies — ruy, simo), dar geologiya, mafhumest, ki digargunihoi tarkibi litologii jinshoi kuhi va boqimondahoi organikii onhoro dar hududi yak qabati stratigrafi ifoda mekunad. Istilohi «Fasiya»-ro geologi shveysari A. Gresli dar ilm jori namud (1835 —41) Mafhumi Fasiya dar litologiya ba du mano istifoda meshavad: 1) Fasiya …

FIZIKAI ZARRAHOI ELEMENTARI, yak sohai fizikaro nomand, ki paydoish, tasiri mutaqobil, tagyir va tabdili zarraqoi elementarii materiyaro meomuzad. Fizikahoi zarrahoi elementari na tanho dar fizika, balki umuman dar ilmi muosir mavqei khos dorad, zero mafhumu qonunhoi asosii on bunyodi manzarai ilmii olamro tashkil medihand. Tarikhi navini tadqiqi zarrahoi elementari solhoi …

FIZIKAI MOLEKULAVI, yak sohai fizikaro nomand, ki khosiyathoi fizikii jismhoro dar holathoi gunoguii agregati zimni tadqiqi sokhti mikroskopi (molekulavi)-i onho meomukht. Minbad dar natijai inkishofi vusatnok ba sohahoi judogonayu mustaqil (fizikai jismhon sakht, fizikai molekulavii moe, fizikaii gazho va gayra) taqsim shuda, khud az bayn raft.

FENOL, oksibenzol, kislotai karbol, S6N5ON, kristalli berang (dar havo jigari) buda, bui makhsus dorad. ( gudozish 40,9°S, zichiash 1058 kg/m3. Onro baroi istehsoli polimerho, moddahoi rangubori, pestisidho, doru va gayra istifoda mebarand. Fenolro baroi dezinfeksiya niz kor mefarmoyand. Hangomi ba badan rasidan pustro mesuzonad.

FATALIZM (az lotini fatalis — sarnavisht, taqdir), jahonbiniest, ki padidahoi tabiat va hodisoti jamiyatro ba taqdir va sarnavisht vobasta namuda, hama guna tasoduf va ozodiro dar jarayoni faoliyati inson rad mekunad. Avval fatalizm dar tasavvuroti asotiri paydo shuda, insonro mutei hodisoti tabiat va quvvahoi favquttabii medonist. Badi tashakkuli dinhoi rasmii …

FARHANG, Lugat, kitobest, ki dar on vohidhoi zaboni (kalimaho, iboraho, morfemaho va gayra) bo tartibi muayni omada, asli baromad, mano, mavridi istifoda, tarjumai onho ba digar zabon doda meshavad. Farhang dar davrahoi khele qadim ba vujud omada (nigared Leksikografiya), barobari tashakkuli zaboni adabi taraqqi kardaast. Du guruhm asosii Farhang vujud …