Ilm

MOLIBDEN (lot. Molybdaenum), Mo, elementi khimiyavii guruhi VI sistemai davrii Mendeleev; razami at. 42, massai at. 95,94. Soli 1778 khimiki shved K. Sheels kashf va soli1782 digar khimiki shved P. Gelm az Mo03 hosil kardaast. Molibden elementi nodir buda, 1,1 * 10—4% massai qishri Zaminro tashkil medihad. Dar tabiat 7 …

MOLIBDENIT, mineral az sinfi sulfidho. Tarkibi khimiyaviash M0S2; 60% molibden va 40% sulfur dorad. Sistemai kristallbandiash geksagopali. Beshtar agregathoi Varaqin va pulakchamonand hosil menamoyad. Surbrangi durakhshon ast. Sakhtiash 1—1,5; zichiash 4620—4800 kg/m8. M. dar konhoi greyzeni, bazai pegmatiti hamrohi polfrimit, kassiterit, flyuorit, khalkopirit, pirit va digar mineralho vomekhurad. Zakhirai kaloni …

MOLEKULA (az lot. moles — massa), zarrachai khurdtarini modda, ki shomili khosiyati khimiyavii on meboshad. Molekula az atomhoi yakkhela (dar moddahoi sodda) va gunogun (dar moddahoi murakkab) iborat ast. shumorai atomho dar Molekula gunogun buda, az 2 (mas., dar 02) to yakchand hazor (mas., dar safedaho, polimerho va g.) meshavad; …

MOEI IDEALI, moei farziest, ki boyad nogaliz va garminoguzaron boshad. Dar Moei ideali soishi dokhili vujud nadorad, yane bayni du qabati hamshafat shiddathoi tamosi mavjud nestand. Chunin farziya dar bisyor mavridhoi jorishavi imkonpazir ast, ki onro gidroaeromekhani­ka meomuzad. Sharhi matematikii jori shudani Moei ideali imkoniyat medihad, ki halli nazariyavii yak …

MODULYaSIYaI RUShNOI, tagyir dodani amplituda, lappish, basomad yo fazai lappishhoi mavji rushnoi. Modulyasiyai rushnoi, odatan, dar natijai tagyir dodani durakhshonii manbai rushnoi ba amal barovarda meshavad. Shuohoe, ki az manbai rushnoii durakhshoniash doimi mebaroyand, ba vositai jihozi makhsus modulyasiya karda meshavand (rasmi 1). Rushnoii manbai durakhshoniash doimiro bo yorii qursi …

MODULHOI ChANDIRI, buzurgi­hoi fizikeand, ki chandirii ashyoro ifoda mekunand. Bo nisbati shiddathoi amudi yo bar darozshavii nisbi yo, ki in shiddat dar samti tasir ba vujud meorad, muayyan karda meshavad: E =— (nig. Qonuni Guk). Zimni 3 navi asosii deformasiyai jismi sakhti izotropi — vaseshavi (fishurdashavi)-i tuloni, kuchish, fishurishi hajmi …

MOE, yake az holathoi agregatii moddaro guyand (holathoi digari agregatii modda — sakht va geshakl). Sohai mavjudiyati Moeho bayni harorathoi guzarish ba holati sakhti (kristallizasiya) va guzarish ba ho­lati gazi (bugshavi) voqe ast. Moeho bo yak qator khosiyathoi khud ham ba jismi sakht va ham ba gazho shabohat dorand, Mas., …

MODULYaSIYa (az lot. modulatio— chennoki, andozanoki) dar fizika va tekhnika, az rui qonuni dodashuda bo mururi zamon tagyir yoftani buzurgihoe, ki yagon prosessi yakzayl takrorshavandaro ifoda mekunand. Modulyasiyaro tavassuti tasiri beruna ba amal meovarand. Modulyasiyai lappishhoi elektromagnitii radiodiapazonho va diapazonhoi optiki dar amaliya besh­tar ba kor meoyand (nig. Modulyasiyai Rushnoi). …

MODELHOI KOINOT, yak silsila naqshahoi kosmologiero guyand, ki tarhi geometrii Koinoti tom va tahavvuli imkonpaziri onro tasviru tafsir mekunand. Nakhustin dar tarikhi kosmologiyai ilmi modeli Koinot sistemai geosentrii odam bud, ki aztarafi astronomi marufi yunonzamin Batlimus (Ptolemey) dar asri       2 m. sokhta shudaast. In modeli kosmologi bo vujudi on …

MODELHOI YaDRO, metodhoi takribiero dar tavsifi baze khosiyathoi yadroi atom guyand, ki dar zimni bo yagon sistemai digari fizikii khosiyathoyash khub omukhtashuda 8 khud ba tahlili nazarii nisbatan sodda qobilbuda barobar kardani yadro istifoda meshavand. Mas., modeli yadroii ba istiloh fermi — gaz az hamin qabil ast. Nig. Yadroi atom.