Ilm

MAHMUDI JAGMINI ibni Muhammad ibni Umari Khorazmi (soli tavallud nomalum — vafot taqrriban 1221), riyozidon, hayatshinos va ta­bibi maruf. Dar borai tarjimai holi M. Hoji Khalifa dar «Kitobu kashf-uz-zunun» (Kitob oid ba kushoishi gumonho») malumot dodaast. Mahmud dar Khorazm tavallud yofta, zindagi va ejod kardaast. Mahmud dar Samarqand ham zindagi …

MAHMUDI ChALABI ibni Muhammad (bo nomi Marnami Chalabi niz mashhur meboshad) (soli tavallud nomalum — vafot 1525), riyozidon va hayatshinosi asri 16 tojik. Nabera va shogirdi Qozizodai Rumi. Bad az tanazzuli maktabi ilmii Samarqandu monandi Alouddini Qushchi va dig. ba Turkiya meravad va dar on jo ananahoi olimoni Samarqandro davom …

MAHMUDI ShABUSTARI Ibni Abdukarim (1252, Shabustar, nazdikii Tabrez— 1320, hamon jo), faylasuf, shoir, mutafakkiri asrhoi 13—14. Asarhoi u dostoni «Gulshani roz», risolahoi «Kava-ul-haqoiq», «Shahidnoma», «Miraot-ul-muhaqqiqin», ki ba za­boni forsi-tojiki talif shudaand, asosan masalahoi falsafi, akhloqi va irfoniro dar bar megirand. Aqoidi falsafii Mahmudi Shabustari ba talimoti mashshoiyon qarobat doshta, niz …

MAHMUDI QOShGARI ibni Husayn ibni Muham­mad (1029—38, Qoshgar —soli vafot nomalum), muarrikh, geograf va zabonshinosi turkizaboni Osiyoi Miyo­na. Malumoti tarjimaiholi khele kam ast. Mahmudi Qoshgari dar davrai hukmronii Qarakhoniyon zindagi va ejod karda, borho dar suhbati olimoni Bukhoro va Samarqand huzur yofta bud. U bo asari khud «Devonu lugot-it-turk» mashhur …

«MUZDI KOR, NARKh VA FOIDA», asari K. Marks, ki onro 20 va 27 iyuni 1865 dar majlisi mashvaratii Soveti generalii baynalkhalqii rafoqati korgaron (Internasionali I) maruza kardaast. Maruzaro javoban ba baromadi J. Ueston (azoi Soveti generali, yake az payravoni R. Ouzn), ki muborizai proletariatro baroi ziyod kardani muzdi kor befoida …

MUVOZINATI MEKhANIKA, Holati sistemai mekhanikiero guyand, ki zeri tasiri quvvahost. (Dar in holat hamai nuqtahoi sistema nisbat ba sistemai sarhisobi dodashuda beharakat meboshad.) Agar sistemai sarhisob inersiali boshad, Muvozinati mekhanikaro mutlaq, dar aksi hol nisbi menomand. Omuzishi Muvozinati mekhanika yake az vazifahoi asosii statika meboshad. Baroi ba amal omadani Muvozinati …

MUVOZINATI TERMODINAMIKI, holati sistemai termodinamikiero guyand, ki sistemai mazkur dar surati az muhit judo (izolyasiya) budan va payvasta betagyir mondani parametrhoyash dar fosilai muayyani vaqt khud az khud ba in holat meoyad. Dar vaqti cap zadani Muvozinati termodinamiki dar sistema hamai prosesshoi barnagardanda, ki ba dissipasiyai energiya — garmiguzaroni, diffuziya, …

MUVOZINATI KhIMIYaVI, holati sistemaero guyand, ki dar on yak yo yakchand reaksiyahoi khimiyavii bartaridoshta ba amal meoyad va bar zammi in baroi har yake az onon surathoi reaksiyahoi mustaqim va gayrimustaqim bo ham barobarand. Dar natija tarkibi khudi sistema ba qadri vuchud doshtani sharoiti mavjudiyati vay betagyir memonad. Dar holati …

MUBTADO (ar. —ibtido, ogoz, avval), yake az sarazohoi jumla buda predmegero ifoda mekunad, ki dar jumla sukhan dar borai on meravad; amalu holat, tasiru harakat va alomate, ki sarazoi digari jumla — khabar ifoda mekunad, ba on nigaronida shudaast (korgaron omadand, gul shukuft, khona sokhta shud). Mubtado yagon azoi mustaqili …

MUVAFFAQUDDIN ABDULLATIF ibni Yunusi Bagdodi (1162, Bagdod —1231, hamon jo), tabiatshinos, tabib va geografi arab. Muvaffaquddin Abdulatif oid ba botanika, tib, anatomiya va ilmhoi digar yak qator asarho ejod kardaast, ki az onho «Kitob-ul-ifoda va-l-etibor fi-l-umur-il-mushohada va-l-havodis-il-muayyana bi-arai Misr» («Kitobi ifodavu atibor dar umuri mushohada va hodisahoi muayyani sarzamini Misr») …