REVOLYuTSIYaI DEMOKRATIYu KhALQI

REVOLYuTSIYaI  DEMOKRATIYu KhALQI, revolyutsiyai ziddiimperialisti va ziddifeodaliest, ki dar davrai Jangi duyumi jahoni (1939— 45) va badi on dar sharoiti krizisi umumii kapitalizm dar yak qator mamlakathoi Evropa va Osiyo ba vuqu payvast. Sababi asosii ruy dodani Revolyutsiyai  demokratiyu khalqi dar solhoi 40 asri 20 dar mamlakathoi Evropai Markazi va Janubi in ast, ki onho ba nimmustamlikai imperializmi khorijii Germaniyayu Italiya va Yaponiya tabdil yofta budand. In vaziyat dar nazdi khalqhoi mamlakathoi mazkur vazifahoi umumii muborizai revolyutsioni ba muqobili  fashizm, baroi istiqloliyatu demokra-tiyai milliro guzosht. Onho dar atrofi sinfi korgar va partiyai kommunistii on muttahid shuda, quvvahoi reaksioniro tanho guzoshtand va fronti ziddifashistiyu ziddi-imperialisti barpo kardand.

Dar sharoiti torumor shudani fashizmi Germaniyayu Italiya va millitarizmi Yaponiya va dar natijach az tarafi Armiyai Soveti ozod karda shudani yak qator mamlakathoi Evropa va Osiyo dar arsai baynalkhalqi va dar dokhili in mamlakatho baroi galabai Revolyutsiyai  demokratiyu khalqi  vaziyati muvofiq faroham omad. Mamlakathoe, ki dar asorati fashizm budand, az galabai khalqi soveti dar Jangi Buzurgi Vatani ruhbaland gardida, ba muborizai ziddi istilogaroni fashisti, burjuaziyai mahalli va pomeshikon barkhostand. Dar rafti muboriza koalisiyai kaloni quvvahoi sinfi ba vujud omad, ki ba faoliyati on quvvahoi dokhilii revolyutsioniyu demokrati va kommuniston sardori karda, dar mamlakathoi khud yake az shaklhoi navi sokhti siyosii jamiyat — sokhti demokratiyai khalqiro barpo namudand.

Sharoiti obektivi, quvvai harakatdihanda, kharakteri sinfii hokimiyati barposhuda, hamchunin digargunsozihon ijtimoiyu iqtisodii Revolyutsiyai  demokratiyu khalqi  ba revolyutsiyai sotsialisti monand nabuda, zimnan on az revolyutsiyai burjuaziyu demokrati niz farq dorad.

Agar asosi iqtisodii revolyutsiyahoi burjuaziyu demokratiro ziddiyati bayni inkishofi quvvahoi istehsolkunanda va munosibathoi feodalii (nimfeodalii) istehsoli va asosi revolyutsiyai sotsialistiro ziddiyati inkishofi quvvahoi istehsolkunanda va munosibathoi istehsolii kuhnashudai kapitalisti tashkil dihad, pas asosi Revolyutsiyai  demokratiyu khalqiro dar mamlakathoi Evropayu Osiyo, az yak taraf, ziddiyati bayni inkishofi quvvahoi istehsolkunanda va munosibathoi quhnai feodalii (nimfeodalii) istehsoli (in ziddiyat baroi baze mamlakatho, ba misli Chekhoslovakiya, ahamiyati jiddi nadosht) va az tarafi digar, ziddiyati bayni manfiathoi taraqqiyoti millii iqtisodi va fishori kapitali khorijiyu mahallii bo on aloqamand tashkil medod. Az in ru, baroi barham zadani boqimondahoi tar-tiboti feodaliyu krepostnoy muborizai revolyutsioni ba muqobili impernalizm va torumor namudani fashizm lozim bud. Mahz az hamin sabab Revolyutsiyai  demokratiyu khalqi  ham mohiyati ziddifeo-dali (burjuazi) va ham ziddiimperialisti, ziddifashisti, ozodikhohii milli va demokrati dorad.

Khususiyati farqkunandai Revolyutsiyai  demokratiyu khalqi nisbat ba digar revolyutsiyaho in ast, ki quvvahoi harakatdihandai on fronti vasei proletariatu dehqonon, burjuaziyai mayda va digar tabaqahoi sinfi (ba misli burjuaziyai miyona va milli) meboshad. Farqiyati kullii Revolyutsiyai  demokratiyu khalqi  boshad, dar hokimiyati davlatii barposhavanda — diktaturai revolyutsioniyu demokratii sinfhoi revolyutsioni bo sardorii proletariat ifoda meyobad, ki vazifai asosii on dar amal jori namudani digargunihoi demokratist. Digargunihoi ijtimoiyu iqtisodii mazkur ba manfi-ati aksariyati aholi oa amal omada, organhoi hokimiyati davlati dar chunin mamlakatho az fronti milli dar Chekhoslovakiya, bloki de-mokrati dar Polsha, fronti millii demokrati dar Ruminiya va gayra tashkil yofta, ba hayati onho barobari proletariatu dehqonon va burjuaziyai mayda namoyandagoni burjuaziya niz dokhil meshavand. Hokimiyati khalqii dar natijai Revolyutsiyai  demokratiyu khalqi barposhavanda bo hususiyathoi sinfiash az diktaturai proletariat farq mekunad. Vale peshohangii proletariat bo sardorii partiyai marksisti-lenini dar chunin hokimiyati demoqrati az paydoishi nishonahoi diktaturai proletariat shahodat medihad. Baroi tashakkulyobii minbadai on boyad hokimiyati davlatiro az unsuroni istismorkunanda va mukholifoni digargunsozihoi darpeshistodai demokratiyu sotsialisti toza namuda, hokimiyatro ba halli masalahoi sotsialisti safarbar kardan lozim ast.

Maqsadi asosii Revolyutsiyai  demokratiyu khalqi  barpo na-mudani chunin sokhti navi demokratiest, ki baroi bo rohi revolyutsioni ba sotsializm guzashtan sharoit faroham meovarad. Az in ru, Revolyutsiyai  demokratiyu khalqi  mohiyatan vazifai revolyutsiyai burjuazi-demokratiro ijro karda, dar ayni hol ukladi tipi sotsialisti va davlati navi khalqiro bo rohbarii proletariat ba vujud meovarad va vazifayu shaklhoi inkishofi revolyutsiyai sotsialistiro tagyir doda, rohi osoishtai guzashtan ba sotsializmro mekushoyad.

Adabiyot: L e n i n Vladimiri Ilich, Du taktikai sotsial-demokratiya dar revolyutsiyai demokrati, Asarho, jildi 9; Programmai Kommunistecheskaya Partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza, Dushanbe, 1970; Materialhoi sezdi 26 Kommunistecheskaya Partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza KPSS, Dushanbe, 1981; Programmnie dokumenti borbi za mir, demokratiyu i sosializm, Moskva, 1981: Chto takoe narodnaya demokratiya, Moskva, 1958.         I. Salohiddinov.