ChANG

ChANG, sozi qadimai musiqiest, ki dar mamlakathoi Sharq va Sharqi Nazdik mamul ast; shakli makhsus dorad. Tarafi peshash (az tarafi navozanda) 58—60 sm, tarafi muqobilash 74—78 sm. Pahluhoyash 38—40 sm. Takhtachubash darunkholi, gafsiash 6 sm. Chang yak surokhii rezonatori, 72 tori metalli va 72 gushak dorad. Sistemam qatorovoziash az 24 vardai diatoniki va khromatiki iborat ast. Chang sozi orkestri va yakkanavozi ba shumor meravad. Tembri ovozash jarangnok buda, bazan bo sozi kvarta jur meshavad.

Muvofiqi imkoniyati dinamikii (pedal) Chang ovoz pastu (piano) baland (forte) meshavad. Changro asosan bo chubchaho menavozand. Chang tarikhi durudaroz dorad. Muvofiqi malumoti makhazhoi qadimi hanuz dar davrai shumeriho (hazorai 4—3 to m.) in soz bo shaklu namudi digar mamul budaast. Muvofiqi malumoti «Shohnoma»-i Firdavsi changnavozi khosi Bahromi Gur — Ozoda hamesha bo Changi khud dar pahlui shoh budaast va suhbathoi khosi uro bo sadoi dilnavozi on oro medodaast. In asbob badtar bo shakli kame tagyiryoftaash, ki dar asrhoi miyona «Shohrud» menomidand, dar bayni khalqhoi arab nomi «konun”-ro giriftaast. Safiuddini Urmavi (a. 16) du namudi on (qonun va nizha)-ro khotirnishon mekunad. Abdulqodiri Marogai (a. 15) dar kitobi khud «Jome-ul-alhon fiil-musiqi» oid ba Chang malumot dodaast, ki ba tarifi imruzai Chang monand ast: Changi prima, Changi bas, Ch.-i alt. Changi prima khosi sanati tochikonu uzbekon buda, Changi alt khosi sanati mardumi Eron va Kavkaz (santur) ast. Changii bas beshtar dar respubikahoi Moldaviya, Belorussiya va g. (bo simbala) mamul meboshad.

Ad.: V i z g o T. S. Muzikalnie instrumenti Sredney Azii, M.. 1980.

I. Rohimov.