BONKI UMUMIJAHONI

BONKI UMUMIJAHONI (angl. World Bank ), sozmoni baynalmilalii moliyavi, ki bo maqsadi rasondani yorii moliyavi va tekhniki ba kishvarhoi rushdyobanda soli 1944 dar konferensiyai Bretton-Vud (IMA) tash­kil karda shudaast. Bonki Umumijahoni (dar barobari Khazinai baynal­milalii asor) yake az sozmonhoi buzurgi moliyavii jahon meboshad. On bori nakhust ba kishvarhoi Avrupoi Garbi pas az Jangi duyumi jahoni dar pardokhti qarz faolona hissaguzori namudaast. Hadafkhoi Bonki Umumijahoni: musoidat namudan ba jahonishavii ustuvor ba nafi tamomi tabaqahoi aholi; kam kardani sathi kambizoati; suratbakhshi ba rushdi iqtisodi be rasonidani zarar ba muhiti atrof; az bayn burdani kambagaliyu gurusnagi, tamini farogirii malumoti umumii ibtidoi; tashviqi barobari miyoni zanu mard va vasesozii huququ imkonoti zanon; past namudani sathi favti kudakon, behsozii vazi hifzi modaron; muboriza bo VICh / SPID, tablarza va bemorihoi digar. Bonki Umumijahoni vazifahoi jahonii rushdi insonro barrasi namuda, baroi niyozmandon bo foizhoi past qarz peshnihod menamoyad. Du muassisai bonkii bo ham zich aloqamandi on – Bonki baynalmilalii tajdid va rushd (BBTR) va Assotsiatsiyai baynalmilalii rushd (ABR) baroi kishvarhoe, ki ba bozorhoi sarmoyai jahon dastrasi nadorand, bo foizhoi past, foizi sifri qarz va yo kumaki bebozgasht (grant) medihand. Bonki Umumijahoni bar khilofi muasssisahoi digari moliyavii jahoni baroi giriftani foida namekushad. Dar solhoi 1968-80 faoliyati Bonki Umumijahoni baroi rasondani yori ba kishvarhoi rushdyobanda ravona gashta bud. Ayni zamon Bonki Umumijahoni dar sarmoyaguzorii besh az 1800 loiha dar tamomi sohahoi iqtisodi kishvarhoi rushdyobanda, ba misli Bosniya va Hersogovina, Gvineya, Bangladesh, Meksika, Timori Sharqi, Hinduston va kishvarhoi Osiyoi Markazi, az jumla Jumhurii Tojikiston amalan shirkat dorad. Bonki Umumijahoni dar beshtar az 100 kishvari jahon namoyandagi dorad, ki dar onho ziyoda az 10 hazor nafar faoliyat mekunand. Qarorgohi asosii Bonki Umumijahoni dar Vashington ast.

Jumhurii Tojikiston soli 1993 uzvi Bonki umumijahoni va dar soli 1994 shomili Assotsiatsiyai baynalmillalii rushd (ABR) gardid. Namoyandagii Bonki Umumijahoni dar Jumhurii Tojikiston oktyabri 1996 tasis doda shud. Az soli 1996 Bonki umumijahoni ba Tojikiston taqriban 850 milli­on dollari IMA qarz va yorihoi bebozgasht (grantho) judo namudaast. Taqriban 34 darsadi mablagi mazkur baroi rushdi sohai kishovarzi va dehot judo shudaast. Sohahoi asosii digare, ki dar jumhuri tavassuti ABR az soli 1996 mavri­di dastgirii Bonki Umumijahoni qaror doda shudand, siyosati iqtisodi va bakhshi davlati (17%), energetika (15%), sohai obtaminkuni (15%), sohai tandurusti va hifzi ijtimoi (9%) va sohai maorif (10%) meboshand. Soli 2013 20-solagii hamkorihoi Tojikiston va Bonki umumijahoni chashi girifta shud.

Adabiyot: Britanica. Nastolnaya ensiklopediya. Moskva, 2008; Dengi, kre­dit. banki (uchebnik) / Pod red. Jukova E. F. Moskva, 2009; Finansi. / Pod red. Arkhipova A. I., Pogosova I. 3. Moskva, 2009.

Sh. Rahimzoda.