Penisill, p e n i s i l l i u m, magori khushamonand (Renicillium, yak jinsi zanburughoi nomukammalro guyand. Az miseliyai nashviash uzvhoi konidiyaovare mesabzand, ki qismi boloii onho khushavor shokh ronda, sporahoi yakhujayragii rangii (konidiyaho) hosil mekunand. Qarib 250 namudash malum ast. Penisill mahsulotro vayronu boftahoi hayvonotu rastaniro …

Pediatriya (az yun. rais, raidos — kudak, bacha va iatreia — muolija), ilmest, ki anatomiya va fiziologiyai organizmi bacha, bemorihoi bachagona, rohhoi muolija va peshgirii in bemorihoro meomuzad. Sha­roiti gigienii baroi inkishofi mutadili jismoni va manavii bachagon zarurro yak sohai mustaqi­li Pediatriya— ba istiloh gigienai bachagon va navrason meomuzad. Baze …

Pelit (az yunoni re1bz — gil), jinsi gili. nomi mushtaraki jinshoi tahshinist, ki tarkib va paydoishashon harkhela buda, az zarrachahoi 0,01—0,005 milimetr va khurdtar iboratand. Ba guruhi Pelit argillit va gilhoi gu­nogun dokhil meshavand.

Penisillinho antibiotikhoero guyand, ki penisillho ba vujud meorand. Soli 1929 mikrobiologi anlis A. Fleming kashf kardaast. Penisillin chun doru baroi muolijai pnevmoniya (gazaki shush), siroyathoi fasodnok va gayra istifoda meshavand. Penisillinro bo tavri suni niz hosil mekunand.

Pervouralsk, shahrest dar viloyati Sverdlovi RSFSR. Dar sohili daryoi Chusovaya (shokhobi Kama) voqe ast. Stansiyai rohi ohan. Aholiash 129 hazor nafar (1979). 3avodhoi qubursozi, tajhizoti kon, tekh­nologi, masolehi tekhnikai sanitari, konstruksiyahoi ohanu betoni dorad. Dar Pervouralsk fakulteti umumitekhnikii Instituti politekhnikii Ural va tekhnikumi shabonai metallurgi hast. Pervouralsk soli 1732 ba …

Peloponnes (Reoropezoz), nimjaziraest dar Yunon, qismi janubii nimjazirai Balkan. Peloponnesro gardanai Kor­inf bo materik mepayvandad. Masohat 21,5 hazor kilometr2. Bo bahrhoi Ion, Egey va khalijhoi onho ihota meboshad. Rel­efash asosan kuhsor; az ohaksang, marmar, regsang, konglomerat, inchunin mergelu varaqsanghoi kristallin erai mezozoy va davrai paleo­gen tarkib yoftaast. Jatorkuhhoi kalontarinash — …

Penoplastho, masolehi po­limerii kovok, plastmassahoi kovoki bo gaz purshuda. Gaz dar ko­vokihoe, ki az hamdigar bo qabati tunuki polimer judoand, joygir shudaast. Penoplastho masolehi baso sabukest; garmi, ovoz. ob na jarayoni zelektrro nameguzaronad. Khosiyati Penoplastho ba darajai kafkkuniyu sokhti kovokihoi on va tabiati khimiyavii polimer vobasta ast. Penoplasthoro bo usuli …

MAKAROV Oleg Grigorevich (tavallud 6. 1. 1933, dehai Udomlyai viloyati Kalinin), lyotchik-kayhonnavardi SSSR, du karat Qahramoni Ittifoqi Soveti (1973, 1978). Azoi KPSS az soli 1961. Pas az khatmi Omuzishgohi olii tekhnikii Moskva dar byuroi konstruktori kor  mekard. Dar otryadi kayhonnavardon az soli 1966. 27—29 sentyabri 1973 dar kishtii kayhonii «Soyuz-12» …

Pellagra (az italyovi re11e a^ga — pusti shakhshul), bemoriest, ki dar natijai norasoii kislotai nikotinat va digar vitamnnhoi guruhi V dar organizm ba amal meoyad. Illati pustu luobparda, ishol, ikhtiloli asabu ruh alomathoi Pelit mebo­shand. M u o l i j a: istifodai kislotai nikotimat (vitamin RR) va khurok- vorii …

Pentagon (angl. Rentogon, az yun. Rentagonon panjgusha), binoi panjgushaest dar nazdnikii Vashington, shtati Virginiya, ki dar on vazorati harbii IMA joy girifta ast. Ba manoi vaseash idorai harbii ShMA, ki dar tashakkuli siyosati ShMA nufuzi kalon dorad.