Petrarka (Retrarsa) Franchesko (20. 7. 1304, Aresso —19. 7. 1374, Ar­kua, nazdi Paduya), shoiri italiyavi. Az oilai notarius. Dar Unstituthoi Monpele (1316), Bolonya (1320) ilmi huquqro omukhtaast. Petrarka saromadi madaniyati gumanistii davrai Ehyo boshad ham, ejodiyotash az tasiri maylu raviyaho, prinsiphoi akhloqii asrimiyonagi ori nest. Inson va mayli u ba …

Pertashevchiyon, j a m i ya t i petrashevchiyon, krujoki petrashevchiyon, ishtirokchiyoni krujoki siyosii M. V. Petrashevskiy. ki solhoi 1845—1849 dar Peterburg vujud dosht. Maqsadi Petrashevchiyon muboriza bar ziddi mutlaqiyat va krepostnoychigi bud. V. I. Lenin navishta bud, ki paydoishi intelligensiyai sotsialisti «az krujoki petrashevchiyon» ogoz meyobad (As., ch. 7. …

Petrografiya (az yun. retros— sayt va …grafil), ilmest dar borai jinshoi kuhi, tarkibi minerali va khimiyavii onho, struktura va tekstu­ra, sharoiti joygirshavi, qonuniyati paydoish, tagyiryobi va pahnshavii jinshoi kuhi dar qishr va rui Zamin. Petrografiya ba silsilai ilmhoi geologi mansub buda, bo mineralogiya, geo­khimiya, vulkonshinosi, tektonika, stratigrafiya va talimot oid …

Petrodvorets (Petergof), shahr dar viloyati Leningradi RSFSR. Nig. Qasri Pyotr.

Petrozavodsk, shahr, poytakhti RASS Kareliya. Bandar dar sohili kuli Onega. Uveli rohi ohan  Aeroport dorad. Aholiash 234 hazor nafar (1979). Petrozavodsk muhimtarin markazi sanoatii Kareliya meboshad (ziyoda az 1/4 hissai mahsuloti sanoatii respublikaro medihad). Sohahoi asosii sanoatash: moshinsoei va korkardi metall. Zavodhoi kalontarini Petrozavodsk traktorsozi (traktorho baroi sanoati jangal), moshinhoi …

Petrologiya (az yun. retros — sang va …logiya), ilm oid ba paydoish, tarkib va joygirshavii jinshoi kuhi. Petrologiya bo tektonika, minera­logiya va ilmi oid ba sarvathoi zerizamini zich aloqamand buda, ba inkishofi onho hissa meguzorad. Dar SSSR qisme az olimon (F. Yu. Levinson-Lessing, D. S. Belyankin va digaron) chunin meshumorand, …

Petropavlovsk, shahr, marka­zi viloyati Qazoqistoni Shimolii RSS Qazoqiston. Dar sohili rosti daryoi Ishim voqe gardidaast. Az Petropavlovsk ba jihatti rohi ohan Selinograd — Qaraganda — Mointi — Chu meguzarad. Aholiash 207 hazor nafar (1979). Sohahoi sanoatash: moshinsozi va korkardi metall (a- dhoi moshinsozi, muharriku mekhanizmhoi gunogun, masolehi izolyatsioni), sanoati sabuk …

Petropavlovski Kamchatka (1822—1924 — bandari Petro­pavlovsk), shahr, markazi viloyati.  Kamchatkai RSFSR. Dar sohili sharqii nimjazirai. Kamchatka voqe ast. Bandar dar khalijaki Avachai uqyonusi Orom. Aholiash 215 hazor nafar (1979). Dar solhoi sokhtmoni sotsialisti Petropavlovski Kamchatka ba yake az muhimtarin markazhoi sanoat va naqliyoti Sharqi Dur tabdil yoft. Petropavlovski Kamchatka bazai …

Perlyurachigi, harakati millatchigii burjuazi dar Ukraina dar davrai Jangi grajdany (1918— 1920); az nomi yake az sarkardagoni on S. V. Petlyura girifta shudaast. Asosi ijtimoii Perlyurachigiro kulakhoi ukrain, burjuaziyai mahalli va ziyoiyoni burjuazii doroi ruhiyai millatchigi tashkil mekardand. Ilhombakhsh va takyagohi siyosii Petlyurachigi partiyahoi burjuazi va maydaburjuazii millatchigii Ukraina—Partiyai sotsial-demokratii …

Petrofizika (az yun. retros — sang va …fizika), yak sohai ilmi geologiya, ki khosiyatshoi fizikii jinshoi kuhiro dar aloqamandi bo tarkibi minerali, struktura va tarikhi paydoishi onho tadqiq mekunad. Mafhumi «Petrofizika»-ro bori avval geofiziki RDG F. Fryolikh dar ilm jori kardaast (1953). Petrofizika khosiyati jinshoi kuhiro bevosita dar sahro bo …