Pedagogika (yun. raidagogike — nigohubin, tarbiyai kudak), majmui ilmhoi nazari va amalist, ki masalahoi talim, tarbiya va malumotro dar bar megirad. Avval Pedagogika hamchun nazariyai talim va tarbiyai bachagon inkishof yoft. Pedagogika dar SSSR va mamlakathoi sotsialisti hamchun nazariyai tarbiyai kommunistii odami nav taraqqi mekunad; bo sotsiologiya va psikhologiya aloqai …

MALAKA, tarzu usulhoi ustuvori mustahkam gardida (avtomati)-i ijroi amal. Malaka dar natijai mashqu takrori ziyod hosil meshavad. Malakaho har qadar mukammaltar shavand, prosessi kor hamon andoza samarabakhsh megardad. Zero shakhse, ki dar ijroi in yo on kor (rondani traktor, az yod kardani sher, navishtani maqola va g.) Malaka paydo kardaast, …

«Pedagogi Javon», gazeta, organi rektorat, tashkilothoi partiyavi, komsomoli va ittifoqi kasabai Instituti davlatii pedagogii Dushanbe. Az soli 1957 bo tiraji 3500 nuskha mohe 2 marotiba ba eabonhoi tojiki va rusi nashr meshavad.

Pekin, B e y t z i n (aynan—poytakhti shimoli), poytakht, markaz siyosi, iqtisodi va ilmiyu madanii RKhKh. Duyumin (badi Shankhay) shahri kaloni mamlakat. Dar hamvorii Buzurgi Khitoy, dar domanai kuhhoi Sishan, dar havzai daryoi Yundinkhe voqe gardidaast. Iqlimash mutadil, mussonb. Harorati miyonai yanvar—4,6°S, iyul 26 °S. Borishoti solona 636 …

Pedagogikai khalqi, sohai il­mi pedagogika. Pedagogikai khalqi majmui donishhoi pedagogist, ki az tajribai ruzgor ba miyon omadaast. Istilohi Pedagogikai khalqiro ba adabiyoti pedagogi K. D. Ushinskiy dokhil kard va mohiyati tarbiyavii ejodiyoti lafzii khalki rusro niz u sharh dod. Ejodiyoti laf­zii khalq qismi demokratii madaniyati qadimai ommai vasei khalq buda, …

Pyoleng (az gollandi reShp$), 1) kunji bayni samt ba obekt va yake az hamvorihoi asosist, ki ba sifati ibtidoi hisobi koordiiatahoi kunji qabul shudaast. Dar navigatsiyai bahri va havoi odatan azimutro Pyoleng, menomand. 2) Safi samolyothost. ki yo az pahlui rost (Pyolengi rost) va yo az pahlui chap (Pyolengii chap)-i …

Pergam, podshohii Pergam (yun. Rergamus), davlati qadim dar qismi shimolu garbii Osiyoi Khurd (283—133 to melod). Markazash — shahri Per­gam. Ba on khazinadori davlati Lisimakh dar qalai Pergam Fileteri yunoni asos guzosht. Fileter dar viloyati Misiya davlati navi elliniro barpo namud va ba sulolai Attaliho asos guzosht. Az soli 231 …

Pelengator, asbobest dar navigatsiyai bahri va havoi baroi muayyan kardani samthoi kunji nisbat ba obekthoi beruna (obekthoi sohili yo shinokunanda, chirmhoi osmoni va gayra).

Pervensev Arkadiy Alekseevich (26. 1. 1905, dehai Nagut, hozira Nagutskii kishvari Stavropol — 30. 10. 1981), navisandai sovetii rus. Az oilai muallim. Azoi KPSS az soli 1950. Dar Omuzishgohi olii tekhnikii ba nomi Baumani Moskva tahsil kardaast (1929—1933). Asarhoyash az soli 1937 chop shudaand. Solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani (1941—1945) muhbiri …

Pelengasiya, muayyan namudani samt nisbat ba yagon obekt ast. Az hisob kardani koordiiatahoi kunji obekt iborat meboshad. Bo usulhoi optiki, radiotekhniki, akustiki va gayra hisob karda meshavad. Pelengasiyaro dar navigasiya, lokasiya, me­teorologiya va gayra istifoda mebarand. Pelengasiya dar kishtironi pelengon i  nom dorad.