Таджикистан – Энциклопедия на таджикском языке КИТОБАМ

Payvasthoi khimiyavi, moddahoi murakkabero guyand, ki az du yo yakchand elementhoi gunoguni ba tav­ri khimiyai ba kham payvastshuda tarkib yoftaand. Moddahoi basite (nit­rogen Na, oksigen O, vagayra), ki atomhoyashon bayni ham bo bandi kovalenti payvast shudaand, niz az jumlai Payvasthoi khimiyavi meboshand. Payvasthoi khimiyavi khosiyathoi gunoguni khimiyavi va fiziki doshta, …

Pal, yak qitai zamini kisht, ki on jo asosan sabzavot, inchunin galladona (masalan, sholi) mekorand.

Payvasthoi asikli, p a yv a s t ho i  g a y r i tasalsul, pay­va s t h o i alo f a t k, payvastdoi organikie, ki molekulaashon az silsilai «kushod» iborat ast. Payvasthoi asiklie, ki dar onho atomhoi karbon dar yak khat joygir shudaand (masalan, m-buggan …

Payvasthoi geterosikli, geterosiklho, payvasthoi organikii sokhti sikli (se, chor, panjkunja va az in hm ziyod) doshtae, ki dar tarkibashon gayr az atomhoi karbon boz atomhoi digar elementho geteroatomho va gayra dorand. Payvasthoi geterosikliro bo miqdori atomhoi sikl (halqa), khususiyat, adad va joi geteroatom, budan yo nabudani joynishin, khususiyati aromati doshtan …

Payvasthoi kalonmolekula, payvasthoi khimiyavie, ki molekulakhoyashon az sadho va hazorho atom iboratand. Sifati khosi aksari Payvasthoi kalonmolekula, ki onhoro polimerho niz menomand, hamin ast, ki dar molekulai onho takrori silsilaho bisyor ast. Nigared niz Polimerho.