Таджикистан – Энциклопедия на таджикском языке КИТОБАМ

Pedologiya (az yun. ra1^08 — ba­cha va … logiya), ilmest oid ba bachaho, aslan — majmui aqidahoi nomurattabi anatomiyai psikhologi, bi­ologi va sotsiologiest dar bobati inkishofi bachaho. Pedologiya okhiri asri 19 va avvali asri 20 ba vujud omadaast. Dar SSSR shabakai muassisahoi pedologi vusat yoft, konferensiya (1927) va sezdi pedologho …

Pelim, Pelimi Kalon, daryoest dar viloyati Sverdlovi RSFSR, shokhobi chapi daryoi Ta v da (havzai Ob). Tulash 707 km, masohati havzaash 15200 km2. Az nishebii sharqii Urali Shimoli ibtido yofta, avval az domanai katorkuhhoi Ural, bad az hamvorii Sibiri Garbi va dar poyonobash az kuli Pelimskiy Tu­man jori meshavad. Manbaash …

Pentod (az yun. rente —panj va elektrod), lampai elektronii panjelektrodaro guyand, ki az katod, turhoi idorakunanda, mahdudkunanda va antidinatroni (pentodi, himoyavi) va anod iborat ast. Pentodhoi kamistn- dor (yakchand Vt) asosan chun lampa* \oi kabulu tadviyat va P.-khop pu- ri^tidor (yakchand dazdo Vt va besh- tar az on) chuya lampadoy …

Pedotsentrizm (az yun. pais- bacha, kudak va lot. centrum — markaz), jarayonest dar pedagogikai burjuazi, ki tarafdoroni on mazmun va usulhoi talimro (makhsusan dar sinfhoi ibtidoi) va ba sharoit va talaboti isqtisodiyu ijtimoii jamiyat, balki ba zavq va talaboti bevositai bacha vobasta meshumorand. Onho talimro chunon ba roh memonand, ki …

Pemba (Remba), jazirai marjoniest dar uqyonusi Hind, dar samti sharqii Afrika. Pembaro az materik gul. Pemba judo mekunad. Masohatash 984 km2. Aholiash 164,2 hazor nafar (1967). Ba hayati Tanzaniya dokhil meshavad. Balandiash to 99 m. Iqlimash mussonii ekvatori. Borishoti solona to 1000 mm. Dar Pemba qaranful, nakhli norjil parvarish mekunand. …