TUT

TUT (Mogiv), yak nav darakhtest az oilai tuthro. To 35 m qad mekashad. Bargu shokhu navdaash shirai safed dorad. Gulash maydai dujinsa, khushagulash «gushvorak», mevaash serobu sershira va sertukhm (daroziash 1—5 sm), safed, gulobi, surkh va bunafshi siyohtob. Beshtar tuti safed (balkhi) va shahtut (tuti surkh) mamul ast.

Tuti safed (M. alba, nigared rasm) darakhtest, ki to 20 m qad mekashad. Onro chun darakhti mevador az zamonhoi qadim dar Tojikiston, Afgoniston, Eron va gayra meparvarand. Holo dar kishvarhoe, ki ba kirmakdori (nigared niz Kirmak) mashguland, parvarishi tut vusat oftaast. Tutro asosan az dola, inchunin bo rohi payvand ziyod mekunand. Meyori kishti tukhmi —10—20 kg/ga. Tut aprel — may gul mekulad, iyun — iyul mepazad. Darakhti tut to 200—300 sol umr mebinad.

Shahtut (M. nigra)-ro beshtar dar Zakavakaziya va Osiyoi Miyona meparvarand.

Mevai tut shirii yo nordon (besh az 10% qand dorad) ast. Onro taru toza yo khushkonda istemol mekunand. Makhsusan navhoi tuti bedona, balkhi, tuti pongozi, marvoridak, mavizak, jirtut, safedak va gayra mamuland. Az tuti khushk tutpust (tuti kufta), poplang — talqon (bo magzi zardolu yo chormagz dar sangjuvoz mekuband), tutpusti shalpi — ordi nordon (ba tut bargi chukri hamroh karda ord mekunand) va tutpusti manur (ba tuti khushk gandumi zirbondagi yo jushonidai khushk hamroh karda ord mekashand) tayyor mekunand. Az tut shirini («shinni») mepazand. Khususiyati shifoii tut az qadim malum ast. Onro Jolinus, Abualii Sino va digaron baroi tabobati kasalihoi gunogun istifoda burdaand. Masalan, Sino tuti khushkro ba bemoroni giriftori reshi ruda, isholi muzmin va gayra tavsiya medod. Ba aqidai u tuti nordon rushdi omosi dahonu guluro boz medorad; afshuraash davoi reshi ravon ast. U pustlokhi tutro podzahri tutakali va shirai bargashro podzahri gunda mehisobid.

Muhammad Huseyn dar «Makhzan-ul-adviya» (talifash 1776) du nav – shirin (nabati) va tursh (shomi) budaii tutro qayd namudaast. Tuti shirinro «tavlidkunandai khuni soleh…, kushoyandai bastagiho, islohkunandai jigar va fasodi sipurz…» hisobidaast. Dar tibbi khalq aqidae hukmfarmost, ki tut illati dilro raf menamoyad va galayoni khunro ba nizom meorad. Dar Respublikai Sosialistii Vetnam az bargi tut dorui «fomidol» tayyor mekunand, ki onro baroi tabobati dardi tarbod, sili pust va gayra istifoda mebarand. M. Hojimatov.