TANOSUKh

TANOSUKh (arabi — naql, guzashtani yak chiz ba chizi digar), talimoti diniyu falsafist dar borai intiqoli nafs az yak tan (murda) ba tani digar (nabot, hayvon, inson). Agar amoli nafs neku boshad, vay guyo badi marg ba tani shariftar va agar raftori u neku naboshad, ba tani vazetar az peshin naql meshudaast. Tanosukh dar akhdi boston paydo shuda bud. Minbad zimni inkishofi dinho va jarayonhoi diniyu falsafi (barahmaniya, buddoiya, hinduiya) takmil yoft va yake az muhimtarin usulhoi nazariyoti onon gardid.
Dar Yunoni Qadim talimoti tanosukhro orfeiyon, pifagoriyon. Aflotun va payravonash inkishof dodaand. Dar Sharq goyai tanosukh ba talimoti monaviya naqshi ravshan guzoshtast.
Islom tanosukhro rad mekunad. Vale vay dar kishvarhoe, ki pesh zeri tasgari ideologii zardushtiya budand, in aqidaro kamilan shikast doda natavonist. Boqi mondani nazariyai tanosukh dar aqoidi baze firqahoi islom va osori yak zumra mutafakkironi asrhoi miyona az hamin khusus darak medihad. Masalan, dar «Zodulmusofirin» omada, ki ismoiliyoni goi ba tanosukh etimod dorand. Dar «Al-milal va n-nihal» qayd shudaast, ki An-Nazzom va shogirdoni u Fazl ibii Hadasi, Aqmad ibni Hait niz ba tanosukh qoil budand. Vale dar tarikhi falsafai tojik va digar khalqhoi Sharqi nazdiku Miyona in aqidaro na hama maqul donistaand. Masalan, Ibni Sino dar «Azhaviya» in aqidaro bo dalelhoi aqli va naqli rad kardaast. Nosiri Khisrav, ki az ismoiliyoni etidoli bud, niz ba tanosukh etimod nadosht va onro nazariyai komilan botil meshumorid; Aqli tasavvuf niz tanosukhro mazamshat kardaz and. Mahmudi Shabistari menavisad:
Tanosukh a-on sabab shud kufru botil,
Ki on az tangchashmi shud hosil.
Ilmi khozira tanosukhro rad mekunad, zero, muvofiqi on, nafs (shuur) javhari mustaqil nabuda, balki khosiyati magzi sari inson ast va berun az on mustaqilona vujud doshta nametavonad. D. Dinorshoev.