Shahri RANGUN

RANGUN, poytakhti Respublikai Sotsialistii Ittifoqi Birma, kalontarin markazi iqtisodi va madanii mamlakat. Dar sohili daryoi Rangun voqe gardidaast. Iqlimash tropiki, mussoni; harorati miyonai yanvar 27°S, aprel 29 S. Borishoti so­lona ziyoda az 2000 mm. Masohatash 200 km³. Aholiash 2,4 mln nafar (1978). Rangun— markazi asosii tijoratu naqliyot va moliya; bandari kaloni bahri. Aeroportash doroi ahamiyati baynalkhalqist. 85% eksport va 90% importi mamlakat ba vositai bandari Rangun meguzarad. Dar shahr va atrofi on korkhonahoi sholikubi, ravgankashi, korkardi mohiyu tamoku, takhtaburiyu chubgari, ustokhonahoi mekhaniki, rohi ohan, korkhonahoi kishtisozi va tamiri on, zavodi prokati pulod, fabrikai dorusozi, zavodi sofkorii neft mavju­dand. Kasbhoi hunarmandi — bofandagi, poyafzolduzi, duzandagi, sokhtani masnuoti nuqragin va gayra rivoj yoftaast. Dar Rangun universitet, 2 iniversiteti tibbi, Instituti tekhnologi (bo yorii tekhnikii SSSR sokhta shudaast), instituthoi pedagogi, iqtisodi, stomatolo­gi, veterinari, maktabhoi davlatii sanathoi nafisa, musiqi va drama, instituthoi tadqiqoti ilmi, kitobkhonaho, muzeyho, nigoristoni suratho va gayra hastand. Dar qismi janubii shahr binohoi hozirazamon sokhta shudaand. Dar in jo bankho, muassisahoi davlati, mehmonkhonai «Inya- Leyk», maydoni Makh Bandum niz voqe gardidaand. Rangun yodgorihoi memorii bisyore dorad (kompleksi ibodatkhonai Shuedagoui, asri 5 to melod, balandiash 100 m, Monumenti istiqloliyat va gayra).

Rangu dar nazdikii ibodatkhonai Shuedagoun hamchun deha bunyod yofta, av­val Okkala va badtar Dagon nomida shuda bud. Soli 1755, bad az galaba bar khalqi mon, hokimi Birma Alaunpaya Dagonro Rangun nomid, ki manoyash ba zaboni birmagi «jang tamom shud» ast va dar in jo kalontarin shahrbandari shohii Birmaro bunyod namud. Soli 1852 Rangunro mustamlikadoroni anglis ishgol kardand. Rangun soli 1862 markazi mamurii mulkhoi dar Birma budai Angliya, solhoi 1886— 1947 markazi mamurii mustamlikai Birmai Angliya bud. Az asri 20 ba markazi muborizai millii ozodikhohii khalqi Birma tabdil yoft. 4 yanvari 1948 dar Rangun istiqloliyati Bir­ma elon shud.