Shahri PRETORIYa

PRETORIYa (Pretoria), poytakhti Respublikai Afrikai Janubi, markazi mamurii muzofoti Transva­al. Dar hardu sohili daryoi Apis joygir ast. Mohi khunuktarin — iyun (qarib 10rS), garmtarin — yanvar (21,4°S). Borishoti solona 741 mm. Masohati shahr bo atrofash 560 km². Aholiash 572 hazor nafar (1980).

Pretoriya— uzeli muhimi naqliyot, markazi sanoati metallurgiyai siyohi mamlakat (kombinati «Iskor»). Inchunin korkhonahoi sanoati moshinsoziyu korkardi metall (vasli qismhoi avtomobil, istehsoli velosiped va tajhizoti elektri), khimiya, bofandagi, khurokvori, tamoku, sement, shisha, poligrafiya, ustokhonahoi ka­loni rohi ohan dorad. Dar nazdikii Pretoriya zavodi ferrovanadiy sokhta shudaast. Dar atrofi shahr konhoi almos va madani ohan hastand. Dar Pretoriya idorahoi hukumati (parlament dar shahri Keyptaun), banku shirkatho, 2 universitet, kolleji tekhniki, yak qator muassisahoi tadqiqoti ilmi va jamiyathoi ilmi, Direktorati tadqiqoti khojagii qishloq, Instituti Afrika, Akademiyai fanho va sanati Afrikai Janubi, rasadkhona, bogi hayvonot, muzeyho, nigoristoni suratho, teatri opera va gayra joygir shudaand.

Pretoriyaro soli 1855 burho hamchun qala bunyod nardaand. Shahr ba sharafi khodimi siyosii burho — A. V. Ya. Pretorius (1798—1853) Pretoriya nomida shudaast. Pretoriya az soli 1860 poytakhti Respublikai Afrikai Janubi (nomi rasmii Respublikai burhoi Transvaal) ast. Az soli 1910—poytakhti Ittifoqi Afrikai Janubi va az 1961— poytakh­ti RAJ.