SISTEMATIKAI RASTANI

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SISTEMATIKAI RASTANI, yak fasli sistematikaro guyand. Sistematikai rastani tarikhi qadim dorad. Hanuz Teofrast rastanihoro ba 4 guruh — darakht, butta, nimbutta yo buttacha («friganon») va alafho judo karda bud. Olimi italiyavi A. Chezalpino (1583) nakhustin tasnifotm sunii rastanihoro, ki asosan ba sokhti meva va tukhm asos yofta bud, nashr va guruhi mavi rastaniho (sarkhasho, ushnaho, zanburugho va obsabaho)-ro judo namud.

Soli 1693 tabiatshinosi anglis J. Rey mafhumi namud va soli 1700 botaniki fransavi Turnefor mafhumi jinsro muqarrar namudand; kategoriyai seyumini asosii taksonomi — oilaro soli 1689 botaniki fransavi P. Manyuol muayyan kard.

Az sistemahoi suni sistemai K. Linney (1735) asosi meboshad. U hamai rastanihoi tukhmdorro ba 23 sinf taqsim karda, ba sinfi 24-um obsabzho, zanburugho, ushnaho va sarkhashoro dokhil namud. Sistemai Linney suni boshad ham, amalan qulay va baroi hama dastras bud. Soli 1789 botaniki fransavi A. L. Jyusyo rastanihoro ba 15 sinf judo namuda, zanburugho, obsabzho, ushnaho va sarkhashoro betukhmpalla nomida, rastanihoi tukhmdorro ba (yakpallagiho) va (dupallagiho) judo namud. Dar asri 19 O. P. Dekandol (1813, 1819) olami rastanihoro ba 2 shutba — ragdor va hujayravi (berag) judo kard; u ba rastanihoi ragdor dupallagiho (chun zersinf chilbandiho, sarkhasho, va gayraro dar bar megirift) va yakpallagihoro mansub donist. Muvofiqi sistemai botaniki fransavi A. Bronyar (1843) rastaniho ba kriptogamiho (tamomi rastanihoi betukhm) va fanerogamiho (ba yakpallagiho va du- pallagiho judo meshud) meshavand. Haddi mantiqai ba okhir rasidani sistemai rastaniho sistemai botanikhoi anglis J. Bentam va J. Khuker (1662—83) meboshad. Dar SSSR inkishofi sistematikai rastanihoi filogenetiki pesh az hama bo korhoi B. M. Kozo-Polyanskiy va shogirdonu payravont u aloqamand ast.

Minbad yak qator sistemahoi navi botanikhoi soveti M. I. Golenkin (1937), A. A. Grossgeym (1945), A. L. Takhtadjyan (1954, 1959, 1966, 1973), I. S. Vinogradov (1958) va khoriji A. Gunderson (1950, tanho dupallagiho), R. Shoo (1953, 1961), F. Novak (1954, 1961), A. K. Kronkvist (1957, tanho dupallagiho) va digar ba vujud omadand.

Qati nazar az hamai muvaffaqiyathoi badastovardai Sistemai rastanihoi imruza korkardi sistema baroi hamai olami rastaniho alhol ba okhir narasidaast.

M. Rasulova.