SEChENOV Ivan Mikhaylovich

SEChENOV Ivan Mikhaylovich (13. 08. 1829, dehai Tyopliy Stan, hozira dehai Sechenovoi viloyati Gorkiy—15. 11. 1905, Moskva), tabiatshinosi materialisti rus, asosguzori maktabi fiziologiya va raviyai ilmii tabii dar psikhologiya, akademik fakhrii Akademiyai Fanhoi Peterburg (1904; azo- korrespondent 1869). Omuzishgohi sarinjenerii Peterburg (1848) va fakulteti tibbii Universiteti Moskvaro (1856) khatm kardaast. Solhoi 1856—1859 dar laboratoriyahoi I. Myuller, E. Dyubua – Reymon (Berlin), G. Gelmgolc (Geydelberg) kor kardaasg. Soli 1860 kafedrai fiziologi Akademiyai tibbiyu jarrohit Peterburgro tashkil namud va ba on rohbari kard. Mudiri kafedrai Universiteti Novorossiysk dar Odessa (1871 70), professori kafedrai fiziologiyai Universiteti Peterburg (1876—1888). Az soli 1880 privatdosent va az 1891 professori kafedrai fiziologiyai Moskva.

Sechenov asosan dar sohai fiziologiyai sistemai asab tadqiqot burdaast. Soli 1861 Sechenov prinsipi yagonagii organizm va muhitro maqul donista, goyai khudidorakunii organihmhoro peshnihod namud. Soli 1862 u farziyaro dar borai ba faoliyati mutaharriki tasir kardani markazhoi magzi sar dar tajriba ozmud. Markazi talamuoii bozdorii reaksiyai reflektori «markazi sechenovi» va zohirai (fenomeni) bozdorii markazi «bozdorii sechenovi» nomida shud. U muayyan namud, ki sistemai markazii asab (magzi sar) na tanho uzvu sistemahoi digarro bedor mekunad, balki faoliyati onhoro bozdoshta ham metavonad. Sechenov dar asarash «Reflekshom magzi sar» (rusi; 1863) yagonagii hodisahoi ruhi va fiziologi, khususiyati reflektori doshtani reaksiyahoi murakkabi ruhiro targib mekard. U meguyad, ki hashsh reak- siyahoi ruhii odam sabab dorand va az tasiri yagkhsh hodisoti beruni angekhta meshavand. S echenov dar asarhoyash «Ki va chi tavr boyad psikhologiyaro tahiya namud» va «Unsurhoi fikr» (rusi; 1878) aqidahoya khudro oid ba masalahoi psikhologiyai materialisti bayon kardaast. U koshifi nakhustini hodisai bioelektri dar sistemai asab meboshad. In kashfi Sechenov ba elektrofiziologiyai magzi sar asos guzosht. Mafhushi tanzimi signalii faoliyati asabiyu ruhiro ba ilm dokhil namuda, dakholati kibernetikiro ba organizmi zinda peshgui kard. U avvalin shuda dar Rossiya oid ba fiziologiyai mehnat tadqiqot guzaronida, goyai «Istirohati faol»-ro peshnihod namud, mubodilai gazro dar khun omukht. Asarhoi Sechenov dar ravnaqi ilmi tabiatshinosi va aqidahoi falsafii materialisti roli kalon bozidand.