SANOATI SUZIShVORI

SANOATI SUZIShVORI, majmui sohahoi sanoatest, ki ba istehsol va korkardi namudhoi gunoguni suzishvori — angisht, neft, gaz, torf va slanes mashgul ast. Sanoati suzishvori yake az sohahoi muhimtarini sanoati vaznin meboshad. Ahamiyati suzishvori dar natijai progressi tekhniki baland shuda, bo mekhanikoni, avtoma- toni, elektrikoni va teplofikasiyai istehsolot, ki ba istifodai boshiddati energiyai elektr dar khojagii khalq musoidat mekunand, aloqai mustahkam dorad. Moddahoi suzanda, khususan neftu gaz hamchun ashyoi khom dar sanoati khimiya niz istifoda meshavand.

Dar Rossiyai torevolyutsioni (1913) umuman 48,2 million tonna suzishvori (az on jumla hezum ziyoda az 20%) istehsol karda budand. Dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti Sanoati suzishvori ru ba taraqqi nihod. Dar natijai ijroi plani panjsolahoi peshazjangi (1929—1940) istehsoli suzishvori nisbat ba 1913 qarib 5 barobar afzud. Sokhti Sanoati suzishvori niz ba kulli tagyir yoft. Sohai nav — sanoati gaz ba vujud omad. Solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani (1941 —1945) fashistoni istilogar ba Sanoati suzishvori zarari kalon rasondand. Dar solhoi panjsolai 4-um korkhonahoi Sanoati suzishvori az nav barqaror karda shudand. Istehsoli suzishvori soli 1975 nisbat ba 1950-um 5 marotiba afzud (nigared, jadval).
Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR az jihati pstehsoli suzishvori dar jahon (bad az Shtathoi Muttahidai Amerika) joi 2-yumro ishgol mekunad. Dar Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR soli 1977-um 546 million tonna, yane nisbat ba soli 1950-um 14,4 marotiba ziyod neft (bo kondensati gaz) istehsol shud. Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR az jihati istehsoli neft dar jahon ba joi 1-um baromad. Soli 1980 istehsoli gaz az 3,2 milliard metr3 (1940) ba 435 milliard metr’3 rasid. Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR az rui istehsoli gaz dar chahon joi 1-umro ishgol mekunad. Sanoati angisht bomuvaffaqiyat taraqqy mekunad. Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR az jihati istehsoli angisht az soli 1958 in jonib dar jahon ba joi 1-um baromad. Soli 1980 dar ‘ Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR 716 million tonna angisht istehsol karda shud. Usuli progressivii tarzi kushodi istehsoli angisht khele vusat yoft. Holo 32,2% angishti mamlakati mo bo in usul istehsol meshavad.
Dar Tojikiston soli 1913 hamagi hazor tonna suzishvori istehsol kardaand. Inkishofi haqiqii Sanoati suzishvori dar Tojikiston bad az galabai Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr ba amal omad. Dar panjsolai 1-um ekspeditsiyai komplekspi Akademiyai Fanhoi Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR dar Tojikiston zakhirahoi ziyodi sarvathoi tabii, az jumla suzishvoriro muayyan kard. Soli 1940 dar respublika 147,5 hazor tonna suzishvori istehsol shud, ki in nisbat ba soli 1913-um 5 marotiba ziyod bud. Dar paijsolahoi badijangi Sanoati suzishvoi respublika bosurat taraqqi kard. Sokhti Sanoati suzishvori tagyir yoft. Sohai nav — sanoati gaz ba vujud omad. Soli 1976 dar Tojikiston umuman 1218 hazor tonna suzishvori istehsol kardand, ki nisbat ba 1940 qarib 9 marotiba ziyod bud. Istehsoli neft va gaz dar Tojikiston, khususan az nimai duyumi solhoi 60 bo surati baland afzud. Soli 1976-um 311 hazor tonna neft istehsol karda shud, ki nisbat ba 1955-um 15,5 marotiba ziyod ast. Korkhonahoi neftu gaz asosan dar shimoli respublika va vodii Vakhsh joygirand. Zakhirai nefti respublika ba milllionho tonna barobar ast.
Sanoati gaz yake az javontarin sohahoi Sanoati suzishvorii respublika meboshad. Istehsoli gaz dar Tojikiston asosan soli 1964 sar shudaast. Hamon sol 23 million metr3 gaz istehsol kardand. Soli 1980 in raqam ba 222 million metr3 rasid. Dar panjsolai yozdahum istehsoli gaz dar respublika boz ham afzud. Zakhirai haft koni gazi respublika — Komsomol, Qiziltumshuq, Andigon, Shambari, Rabot, Konibodom va Ayriton muayyan karda shudaast. Holo az konhoi Qiziltumshuq, Andigon va Komsomol gaz istehsol mekunand. Dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti istehsoli angishti respublika beshtar az 32 marotiba afzud. Holo sanoati angishti respublika ba khojagii khalq sadho hazor tonna angisht istehsol mekunad. Beshtar az 1/3 hissai zakhirai angishti Osiyoi Miyona dar Tojikiston joygir shuda ast. Zakhirai 7 koni angishiti respublikaro muayyan kardaand. Taqriban 78%-i angishti respublika az koni Fon-Yagnob va Shurob ‘ystehsol meshavad.
Adabiyot: K o r t u n o v A. K.. Gazovaya promishlennost Soyuza Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR. Moskva 1967; Energeticheskie resursi Soyuza Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR. [t. S — Toplivno- energeticheskie resursi. Moskva. 1968; Neftedobivayushaya promishlennost Soyuza Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR. 1917—1968,Moskva, 1968. K. Shukurov.