RIZOI ABBOSI

RIZOI ABBOSI (taqriban 1575, Koshon— 1635), musavvir, naqqosh va khattoti fors-tojik. Namoyandai barjastai Maktabi minyoturi Isfahon. Bad az Behzod mashhurtarin naqqosh va musavvir donista meshavad. Rizoi Abbosi payravi Mavlono Muhammadi Hiravi buda, sabki uro ejodkorona inkishof dodaast. Makhsusan dar chehrapardozi (portret) mohir bud va dar in bobat ba musavvirodi avrupoi taqlid mekard. Faoliyati ejodiash dar Qazvin sar shudaast. Soli 1593 bo taklifi shoh Abbosi I ba khizmati darbor meoyad va sarvari musavvironi Isfahon tain megardad. Rizoi Abbosi beshtar dar janrhoi gunoguni minyotur va portret asarho ejod kardaast. U minyoturro dar varaqhoi judogona ofarida, bo in vasila ba ofaridi zamonash uslubi minyoturofarii zamonash tagyirot darovard. Minyoturhoi ofaridai Rizoi Abbosi hayoti buda, simoi fard, iztirobi botini va holotu harakoti ashkhos bovaribakhsh ba qalam doda shudaast. Dar portrethoyash ki az kamoloti ejodiyoti u darak medihand, tasiri natura muhiti zinda baralo zohir meshavad. Bandubast, rangubor, ritm, tanosubi vositahoi tasvir dar minyoturhoi «Id» (soli 1612), «Shoh Abbos va khoni Olam» (1633), «Muysafed» (1614), «Portreti mard» (1634), «Javoni chilimbadast», «Dukhtari kala- pushash muina» (1602—1603), «Chupon» (1634), «Javoni kuzabadast» va gayra bagoyat mukammal baromadaand. Istifodai ranghoi garmu sard va omezishi mohironai onho dar ejodiyoti Rizoi Abbosi mavqei muhim dorad. Dar «Id» ranghoi ravshanu baland istifoda shuda boshand, dar «Shoh Abbos va khoni Olam» ranghoi kamtasir va khira mavqei asosi dorand. Dar minyoturhoi «Javoni chilimbadast», «Mard va charog», «Darvesh Abdulmutallib», «Chupon» rang chandon ravshanu purdurakhsh nest. Rassom asosan tobishhoi gunoguni rangi qahvagi (dorchini)-ro beshtar istifoda burda, qisman ranghoi kabud, nilobi, siyoh va zarhaliro ba kor mobarad. Rizoi Abbosi dar musavraraho- yash ranghoro baso ustokorona istifoda meburd va bo in khususiyati ejodi aa rassomoni hamzamonash farq mekard. _In uslubi khosi mu- savvir uro shuhratmand namudaast. Dar musavvarahoi ayyomi kamolot Rizoi Abbosi ba tasviri tabiat na muhiti atrof beshtar diqqat dodaast.
Rizoi Abbosi inchunin dar minyotur syujethoi demokratitarro tasvir namudaast. Ejodiyoti Rizoi Abbosi mahz bo in jihathoi khos az asarhoi rassomoni digari Maktabi minyoturi Isfahon farq mekard. Rizoi Abbosi ba taqlidi uslubi rassomoni Evropa asarho ejod kar- da boshad ham, az chorchubai ananahoi sanati tasvirii Sharq berun naraft. Az in jost, ki ejodiyoti u yak andoza ikhtilofnok ast; vay vo- sitahoi sanati tasvirii Sharqu Garbro ba ham omekhtaast. Asarhoi Rizoi Abbosi dar yak qator muzeyu kitobkhonahoi olam, az jumla, dar Muzei madaniyati Sharq dar Moskva, Kitobkhonai davlatii ommavii ba nomi Saltikov-Shedrin dar Leningrad mahfuzand.
Adabiyot: Vseobshaya istoriya iskusstv, tom 2. kniga 2, Moskva, 1967, Iskusstvo tadjikskogo naroda, Dushanbe, 1979.