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PULI QOGAZI

PULI QOGAZI, alomathoi nominalii arzishest, ki dar muomilot pulhoi haqiqi — tillo, nuqraro ivaz mekunand. Puli qogazi qurbi hatmi doshta, tanho dar mamlakati muayyan jorist va baroi adoi kharojoti on khizmat mekunad. Puli qogazi bo tillo ivaz nameshavad, az in ru mumkin ast az muomilot monda, bequrb shavad.

pul

Puli qogazi dar Khitoy asri 11, Amerikai Shimoli asri 17 va dar Rossiya  soli 1769 paydo shud. Dar zamoni buhroni umumii kapitalizm doirai muomiloti Puli qogazi vase shud. Davlathoi imperialisti Puli qogaziro baroi mablagguzori ba musallahshavii boshitob, purra kardani defitsiti byujet, boy gardonidani monopoliyaho istifoda mebarand. Solhoi 1948—1972 hajmi Puli qogazi dar ShMA az 26,2 to55 mlrddollar, dar Fransiyaaz 10 to 82,1 mlrdfrank, dar RFG az 8,7 (1950 to 43,7 mlrd markaafzud. Az had ziyod barovardani Puli qogazi  ba tamomi mamlakathoi kapitalisti khos buda, boisi inflyatsiya va vositai nihoii istismori mehnatkashon megardad. SSSR solhoi avvali Hokimiyati Soveti ba andozai ziyod va dar zamoni Jangi Buzurgi Vatani ba miqdori nisbatan kam Puli qogazi barovard.Dar okhirhoi jang muomiloti Puli qogazi 3,8 marotiba afzud.Vale badi jang (1947 on zud ba tartib darovarda shud. Nig. niz. Pul.

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SADUDDINI HAMMUI Muhammad ibni Juvayni

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